DIY车用铅酸蓄电池智能充电机 -

标题: DIY车用铅酸蓄电池智能充电机 [打印本页]

作者: 太阳雨ZW 时间: 2025-6-27 17:55
标题: DIY车用铅酸蓄电池智能充电机
地处北方，冬季车辆易亏电启动困难，需要补充充电。利用手头的老物件AT89C4051,ADC0832制作控制电路，IO口有限使用了PFC8574T驱动1602显示。两个工作模式，三段自动充电模式（充足自动转为浮充）和定时充电模式（恒流充电）。制作完成才发现PCF8574T驱动1602显示刷新太慢了影响响应速度，待充电主回路完成再联调。
#include <reg51.h>
#include <intrins.h>

#define PCF_ADDR 0x4E  //PCF8574T地址
unsigned char Data[3];
unsigned char Table[]="0123456789";
unsigned int delay_time;

long z=0;
unsigned char j;
unsigned char k;
unsigned char h;
unsigned char f;
unsigned char Set_A;
unsigned char Batt_V;
unsigned char Batt_A;
unsigned char JD=0;
unsigned char IS=0;

char hour=1;
char min=0;
char miao=59;
char count=0;
bit  ptt=1;
sbit triac = P3^1; // 可控硅控制引脚
sbit ON_OFF = P3^7; //启动停止开关
sbit MODE = P3^3;    //模式
sbit JIA = P3^4;    //加时间
sbit JIAN = P3^5;    //减时间
sbit FMQ = P3^0;    //蜂鸣器
sbit SCL = P1^1;    // I2C时钟线
sbit SDA = P1^0;    // I2C数据线
sbit CS = P1^5;
sbit CLK = P1^6;
sbit DI0 = P1^7;
sbit WCS = P1^2;
sbit WCLK = P1^3;
sbit WDI0 = P1^4;
//----------函数声明----------------------------
void process_3(unsigned int i,unsigned char *p) ;
void display(unsigned char *p);
void delay_us(unsigned int us);
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms);
void I2C_Start();
void I2C_Stop();
void I2C_WriteByte(unsigned char dat);
void PCF8574_Write(unsigned char dat);
void lcd_send_nibble(unsigned char nibble, unsigned char rs);
void lcd_send_byte(unsigned char dat, bit rs);
void lcd_init();
void lcd_set_cursor(unsigned char row, unsigned char col);
void lcd_write_string(char *str);
void init();
void display_SJ(unsigned char hour,unsigned char min);
unsigned char Current();
unsigned char V_SetA(bit CH);
//---------------------------------------------
unsigned char V_SetA(bit CH)//
{
  unsigned char i,dat,dat2;
  CS=0;
  _nop_();
  DI0=1;
  CLK=1;
  _nop_();
  CLK=0;
  _nop_();
DI0=1;
  CLK=1;
  _nop_();
  CLK=0;
  _nop_();
if(CH==0)//0通道/设置电流
{
DI0=0;
}
if(CH==1)//1通道/电压
{
DI0=1;
}
  CLK=1;
  _nop_();
  CLK=0;
  DI0=1;
  dat=0;
  for(i=0;i<8;i++)
   {
   dat<<=1;
   CLK=1;
   _nop_();
   CLK=0;
   _nop_();
   dat|=DI0;
   }
   dat2=0;
if(DI0==1)
   dat2=0x80;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
   {
      dat2>>=1;
      CLK=1;
      _nop_();
      CLK=0;
      _nop_();
      if(DI0==1)
      dat2|=0x80;
   }
CS=1;
CLK=0;
DI0=1;
if(dat==dat2)
return(dat);
else
return 0;
}
//--------------------------
unsigned char Current()//0通道/电流
{
  unsigned char i,dat,dat2;
  WCS=0;
  _nop_();
  WDI0=1;
  WCLK=1;
  _nop_();
  WCLK=0;
  _nop_();
  WDI0=1;
  WCLK=1;
  _nop_();
  WCLK=0;
  _nop_();
  WDI0=0;//0通道/电流
  WCLK=1;
  _nop_();
  WCLK=0;
  WDI0=1;
  dat=0;
  for(i=0;i<8;i++)
   {
   dat<<=1;
   WCLK=1;
   _nop_();
   WCLK=0;
   _nop_();
   dat|=WDI0;
   }
   dat2=0;
if(WDI0==1)
   dat2=0x80;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
   {
      dat2>>=1;
      WCLK=1;
      _nop_();
      WCLK=0;
      _nop_();
      if(WDI0==1)
      dat2|=0x80;
   }
WCS=1;
WCLK=0;
WDI0=1;
if(dat==dat2)
return(dat);
else
return 0;
}
//---------------------------------------------
void process_3(unsigned int i,unsigned char *p)
{
  p[0]=i/100%10;
  p[1]=i/10%10;
  p[2]=i%10;
}
//----------------------------
/*3位数显示函数*/
void display(unsigned char *p)
{
  unsigned char i;

  for(i=0;i<3;i++)
  {
if(i==2)
{
lcd_write_string(".");
}
      lcd_send_byte(Table[p[i]], 1);
  }
}
//------------------------------
void delay_us(unsigned int us) {
while (us--) {
      _nop_();
      _nop_();
      _nop_();
      _nop_();
}
}
//------------------------------
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms) {
unsigned int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < ms; i++)
      for (j = 0; j < 114; j++);
}
//------------------------------
void I2C_Start() {
SDA = 1;
SCL = 1;
delay_us(5);
SDA = 0;
delay_us(5);
SCL = 0;
}
//-----------------
void I2C_Stop() {
SDA = 0;
SCL = 1;
delay_us(5);
SDA = 1;
delay_us(5);
}
//-------------------------------------
void I2C_WriteByte(unsigned char dat) {
unsigned char i;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      SDA = (dat & 0x80) ? 1 : 0;
      dat <<= 1;
      SCL = 1;
      delay_us(5);
      SCL = 0;
      delay_us(5);
}
SDA = 1;  // 释放总线等待ACK
SCL = 1;
delay_us(5);
SCL = 0;
}
//------------------------------------
void PCF8574_Write(unsigned char dat) {
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(PCF_ADDR);
I2C_WriteByte(dat);
I2C_Stop();
}
//------------------------------------------------------------
void lcd_send_nibble(unsigned char nibble, unsigned char rs) {
unsigned char data_pcf;
// 数据位: P4-P7, RS: P0, E: P2, Backlight: P3 (开启)
data_pcf = (nibble << 4) | (rs << 0) | (1 << 3);
// E下降沿
PCF8574_Write(data_pcf & ~(1 << 2)); // E=0
delay_us(1);
PCF8574_Write(data_pcf | (1 << 2));  // E=1
delay_us(1);
PCF8574_Write(data_pcf & ~(1 << 2)); // E=0
delay_us(100);
}
//---------------------------------------------
void lcd_send_byte(unsigned char dat, bit rs) {
lcd_send_nibble(dat >> 4, rs); // 高四位
lcd_send_nibble(dat & 0x0F, rs); // 低四位
}
//--------------------------
void lcd_init() {
delay_ms(50);
lcd_send_nibble(0x03, 0);
delay_ms(5);
lcd_send_nibble(0x03, 0);
delay_ms(1);
lcd_send_nibble(0x03, 0);
delay_us(100);
lcd_send_nibble(0x02, 0);
delay_us(100);
lcd_send_byte(0x28, 0); // 4位, 2行, 5x8
delay_us(100);
lcd_send_byte(0x0C, 0); // 显示开, 光标关
delay_us(100);
lcd_send_byte(0x06, 0); // 增量不移屏
delay_us(100);
lcd_send_byte(0x01, 0); // 清屏
delay_ms(2);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------
void lcd_set_cursor(unsigned char col, unsigned char row) {
unsigned char address = (row == 0) ? 0x80 : 0xC0;
lcd_send_byte(address + col, 0);
}
//-----------------------------------
void lcd_write_string(char *str) {
while (*str) {
      lcd_send_byte(*str++, 1);
}
}
//--------------------------
void display_SJ(unsigned char hour,unsigned char min)//时间显示
{
unsigned int i;
  unsigned char q[2];
  unsigned char w[2];
  q[0]=hour/10;
  q[1]=hour%10;
  w[0]=min/10;
  w[1]=min%10;
  lcd_send_byte(Table[q[0]],1);
  lcd_send_byte(Table[q[1]],1);
  if(ptt==1||ON_OFF==1)
{
   lcd_set_cursor( 13, 0 );
   lcd_write_string(":");//秒闪烁
}
else
{
   lcd_write_string(" ");
}
  lcd_send_byte(Table[w[0]],1);
  lcd_send_byte(Table[w[1]],1);

if(hour==0&&min==0)//定时到
      {
   TR1=0;
   TR0=0;
   ET1=0;
   ET0=0;
   EX0=0;
   EA=0;
   triac = 1; // 关闭脉冲
for(i=0;i<400;i++)
{
FMQ=0;
delay_ms(120);
FMQ=1;

lcd_set_cursor( 13, 0 );
                        lcd_write_string(":");

   j=V_SetA(0);//设置电流
   Set_A=j*200./255;
   k=V_SetA(1);//电压
   Batt_V=k*200./255;
   h=Current();//电流
   Batt_A=h*200./255;

   lcd_set_cursor(4, 0);
   process_3(Set_A,Data);
                        display(Data);//设置电流

   lcd_set_cursor(0, 1);
   process_3(Batt_V,Data);
                        display(Data);//电压

   lcd_set_cursor(11, 1);
   process_3(Batt_A,Data);
                        display(Data);//电流
}
               while(1)
{
j=V_SetA(0);//设置电流
   Set_A=j*200./255;
   k=V_SetA(1);//电压
   Batt_V=k*200./255;
   h=Current();//电流
   Batt_A=h*200./255;

   lcd_set_cursor(4, 0);
   process_3(Set_A,Data);
                        display(Data);//设置电流

   lcd_set_cursor(0, 1);
   process_3(Batt_V,Data);
                        display(Data);//电压

   lcd_set_cursor(11, 1);
   process_3(Batt_A,Data);
                        display(Data);//电流
}
}
}
//-----------------------------------
void init() {
      IT0 = 1;       // INT0（P3.2）下降沿触发模式
      EX0 = 1;       // 允许INT0中断

   TMOD=0x11;

      ET0 = 1;       // 允许定时器0中断

   TL1 = (65536-50000)%256;
   TH1 = (65536-50000)/256;

   ET1 = 1;
   TF1 = 0;
   EA = 0;
   // EA = 1;       // 开启总中断
}

/* 主函数 */
void main()
{
      bit a=0;
      bit b=0;
   bit c=0;
   bit x=0;

   unsigned char i;
   unsigned char t;

   triac = 1; // 关闭脉冲
   init();
      lcd_init();

   lcd_set_cursor(4, 0);
   lcd_write_string("Hello!!!");

   for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
FMQ=0;
delay_ms(250);
FMQ=1;
delay_ms(250);
}

   if(ON_OFF==0)//开关在启动档
{
lcd_send_byte(0x01, 0); // 清屏
while(1)
{
   FMQ=0;
   lcd_set_cursor(3, 0);
                  lcd_write_string("Error!!!");
}
}

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
   delay_ms(20);
   k=V_SetA(1);
}
Batt_V=k*200./255;
if(Batt_V==0)//电池没接或反接
{
lcd_send_byte(0x01, 0); // 清屏
while(1)
{
   FMQ=0;
   lcd_set_cursor(3, 0);
                  lcd_write_string("Error!!!");
}
}

      lcd_send_byte(0x01, 0); // 清屏
   lcd_set_cursor(0, 0);
   lcd_write_string("Set:");
   lcd_set_cursor(8, 0);
   lcd_write_string("A");//设置电流
      lcd_set_cursor(4, 1);
   lcd_write_string("V");//电压
   lcd_set_cursor(15, 1);
   lcd_write_string("A");//电流

while(1)
{
   lcd_set_cursor(4, 0);
   process_3(Set_A,Data);
                     display(Data);//设置电流

   lcd_set_cursor(0, 1);
   process_3(Batt_V,Data);
                     display(Data);//电压

   lcd_set_cursor(11, 1);
   process_3(Batt_A,Data);
                     display(Data);//电流

   f=V_SetA(0);//设置电流
   j=f;
   if(JD==0)j=j;//第一阶段恒流
   if(JD==1)j=j/2;//第二阶段恒流电流减半
   if(JD==2);//第三阶段恒压
   Set_A=j*200./255;
   k=V_SetA(1);//电压
   Batt_V=k*300./255;
   h=Current();//电流
   Batt_A=h*200./255;

   if(k==0)//电池开路
         {
   lcd_send_byte(0x01, 0); // 清屏
   while(1)
   {
      TR0=0;
               ET0=0;
               EX0=0;
               EA=0;
               triac = 1; // 关闭脉冲
      FMQ=0;
      lcd_set_cursor(3, 0);
                        lcd_write_string("Error!!!");
   }
   }

   if(Batt_A>=200)//20.0A过流
   {
                              FMQ=0;
   }
   else
   {
   FMQ=1;
   }

   if(ON_OFF==0)//启动
   {
   if(x==0)
   {
   FMQ=0;
   delay_ms(250);
   FMQ=1;
   x=1;
   }
   EA=1;
   if(IS==0)//非定时
   {
   if((Batt_V<138)&&a==0)//第一阶段恒流
   {
   a=1;
   JD=0;
   }
   if(((Batt_V>=138)&&(Batt_V<143))&&b==0)//第二阶段恒流
   {
   b=1;
   JD=1;
   }
   if((Batt_V>=143)&&c==0)//第三阶段恒压14.3V
   {
   c=1;
   JD=2;
   }

   switch(JD)
   {
   case 0:
                              z=z+(j-h)*2;//第一阶段恒流
   if(z<100)z=100;
   if(z>8160)z=8160;
   delay_time=10000-z;
   break;

   case 1:
         z=z+(j-h)*2;//第二阶段恒流
   if(z<100)z=100;
   if(z>8160)z=8160;
   delay_time=10000-z;
   break;

   case 2:
        z=z+(k-183)*2;//第三阶段恒压14.3V
   if(z<100)z=100;
   if(z>8160)z=8160;
   delay_time=10000-z;

   t++;
   if(t==10)FMQ=0;
   if(t==11)FMQ=1;
   if(t==120)t=0;

   break;

   default:
   break;
   }
   }
   else  //定时
{
TR1=1;
z=z+(f-h)*2;//恒流
if(z<100)z=100;
if(z>8160)z=8160;//255*32=8160
delay_time=10000-z;
// delay_time=10000-(f*32);
}
}

   if(ON_OFF==1)//停止
   {
   t=0;
   x=0;
         EA=0;
         triac = 1; // 关闭脉冲

   if(IS==1)
   {
   TR1=0;
   }

   if(JIA==0)//定时加
   {
      FMQ=0;
      delay_ms(100);
      FMQ=1;
      if(JIA==0)
      {
         hour++;
         if(hour>99)
         {
         hour=99;
         }
      }
      while(JIA==0);
      }
      if(JIAN==0)//定时减
      {
      FMQ=0;
      delay_ms(100);
      FMQ=1;
      if(JIAN==0)
      {
         hour--;
         if(hour<1)
         {
            hour=1;
         }
         }
         while(JIAN==0);
      }

   if(MODE==0)//模式
      {
         FMQ=0;
         delay_ms(100);
         FMQ=1;
         if(MODE==0)
         {
      IS++;
            while(MODE==0);
      if(IS>1)
            {
            IS=0;
            }
         }
      }
   }

   if(IS==0)
   {
   lcd_set_cursor(11, 0);
         lcd_write_string("--:--");
   }
   if(IS==1)
   {
   lcd_set_cursor(11, 0);
   display_SJ(hour,min);//时间
   }
   }
}

/* INT0中断服务函数 */
void int0_isr() interrupt 0
{
TR0 = 0;       // 停止定时器0
// 计算定时器初值（12MHz晶振，1us计数）
TH0 = (65536 - delay_time) /256;  // 高字节
TL0 = (65536 - delay_time) %256;// 低字节
TR0 = 1;       // 启动定时器0
}

/* 定时器0中断服务函数 */
void timer0_isr() interrupt 1
{
   static unsigned char i;
TR0 = 0;       // 停止定时器0
triac = 0;    // 触发可控硅
// 短暂延时确保触发（约10us，根据实际需求调整）
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++); // 粗略延时
triac = 1;    // 关闭脉冲

}

/* 定时器1中断服务函数 */
void timer1(void) interrupt 3
{
   TL1 = 0xB0;
   TH1 = 0x3C;
   TF1 = 0;
   count++;
   if(count==20)
      {
      count=0;
      miao--;
      ptt=~ptt;
      if(miao<0)
         {
            miao=59;
            min--;
            if(min<0)
               {
               min=59;
               hour--;
               if(hour<0)
                  {
                     hour=0;
                  }
               }
         }
      }
}

2345截图20250627164926.png (74.8 KB, 下载次数: 0)

IMG_20250627_164031.jpg (1.98 MB, 下载次数: 0)

作者: 高级放牛娃 时间: 2025-6-30 20:33
做的不错。不过是为了充分利用老物件，不然现在的单片机内部都自带了10位的ADC的。硬件就不用这么复杂了。

作者: 太阳雨ZW 时间: 2025-7-1 09:59
算法错误更正为：
case 2:
   //    z=z+(k-183)*2;//第三阶段恒压14.3V
         z=z+(183-k)*2;//第三阶段恒压14.3V
         if(z<100)z=100;
         if(z>8160)z=8160;
         delay_time=10000-z;

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