pid算法应该算是所以算法中最稳定最可靠最简单的算法，在库函数中添加这种算法对实际控制的时延有非常大的帮助。
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C语言PID算法.doc
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PID算法（c语言)（来自老外）
#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
//定义PID的结构体
struct _pid
{
int pv; //integer that contains the process value 过程量
int sp; //＊integer that contains the set point 设定值
float integral; // 积分值 －－ 偏差累计值
float pgain;
float igain;
float dgain;
int deadband; //死区
int last_error;
};
struct _pid warm,*pid;
int process_point, set_point,dead_band;
float p_gain, i_gain, d_gain, integral_val,new_integ;;
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pid_init DESCRIPTION This function initializes the pointers in the _pid structure to the process variable and the setpoint. *pv and *sp are integer pointers.
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void pid_init(struct _pid *warm, int process_point, int set_point)
{
struct _pid *pid;
pid = warm;
pid->pv = process_point;
pid->sp = set_point;
}
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－pid_tune DESCRIPTION Sets the proportional gain (p_gain), integral gain (i_gain),
derivitive gain (d_gain), and the dead band (dead_band) of a pid control structure _pid.
设定PID参数 －－－－ P,I,D,死区
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void pid_tune(struct _pid *pid, float p_gain, float i_gain, float d_gain, int dead_band)
{
pid->pgain = p_gain;
pid->igain = i_gain;
pid->dgain = d_gain;
pid->deadband = dead_band;
pid->integral= integral_val;
pid->last_error=0;
}
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
pid_setinteg DESCRIPTION Set a new value for the integral term of the pid equation.
This is useful for setting the initial output of the pid controller at start up.
设定输出初始值
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
void pid_setinteg(struct _pid *pid,float new_integ)
{
pid->integral = new_integ;
pid->last_error = 0;
}
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
pid_bumpless DESCRIPTION Bumpless transfer algorithim.
When suddenly changing setpoints, or when restarting the PID equation after an extended pause,
the derivative of the equation can cause a bump in the controller output. This function will help smooth out that bump.
The process value in *pv should be the updated just before this function is used.
pid_bumpless 实现无扰切换
当突然改变设定值时，或重新启动后，将引起扰动输出。这个函数将能实现平顺扰动，在调用该函数之前需要先更新PV值
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
void pid_bumpless(struct _pid *pid)
{
pid->last_error = (pid->sp)-(pid->pv); //设定值与反馈值偏差
}
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
pid_calc DESCRIPTION Performs PID calculations for the _pid structure *a.
This function uses the positional form of the pid equation, and incorporates an integral windup prevention algorithim.
Rectangular integration is used, so this function must be repeated on a consistent time basis for accurate control.
RETURN VALUE The new output value for the pid loop. USAGE #include "control.h"
本函数使用位置式PID计算方式，并且采取了积分饱和限制运算
PID计算
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
float pid_calc(struct _pid *pid)
{•
int err;
float pterm, dterm, result, ferror;
// 计算偏差
err = (pid->sp) - (pid->pv);
// 判断是否大于死区
if (abs(err) > pid->deadband)
{
ferror = (float) err; //do integer to float conversion only once 数据类型转换
// 比例项
pterm = pid->pgain * ferror;
if (pterm > 100 || pterm < -100)
{
pid->integral = 0.0;
}
else
{
// 积分项
pid->integral += pid->igain * ferror;
// 输出为0－－100%
// 如果计算结果大于100，则等于100
if (pid->integral > 100.0)
{
pid->integral = 100.0;
}
// 如果计算结果小于0.0，则等于0
else if (pid->integral < 0.0)
pid->integral = 0.0;
}
// 微分项
dterm = ((float)(err - pid->last_error)) * pid->dgain;
result = pterm + pid->integral + dterm;
}
else
result = pid->integral; // 在死区范围内，保持现有输出
// 保存上次偏差
pid->last_error = err;
// 输出PID值(0-100)
return (result);
}
//－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
void main(void)
{
float display_value;
int count=0;
pid = &warm;
// printf("Enter the values of Process point, Set point, P gain, I gain, D gain \n");
// scanf("%d%d%f%f%f", &process_point, &set_point, &p_gain, &i_gain, &d_gain);
// 初始化参数
process_point = 30;
set_point = 40;
p_gain = (float)(5.2);
i_gain = (float)(0.77);
d_gain = (float)(0.18);
dead_band = 2;
integral_val =(float)(0.01);
printf("The values of Process point, Set point, P gain, I gain, D gain \n");
printf(" %6d %6d %4f %4f %4f\n", process_point, set_point, p_gain, i_gain, d_gain);
printf("Enter the values of Process point\n");
while(count<=20)
{
scanf("%d",&process_point);
// 设定PV,SP值
pid_init(&warm, process_point, set_point);
// 初始化PID参数值
pid_tune(&warm, p_gain,i_gain,d_gain,dead_band);
// 初始化PID输出值
pid_setinteg(&warm,0.0);
//pid_setinteg(&warm,30.0);
//Get input value for process point
pid_bumpless(&warm);
// how to display output
display_value = pid_calc(&warm);
printf("%f\n", display_value);
//printf("\n%f%f%f%f",warm.pv,warm.sp,warm.igain,warm.dgain);
count++;
}
}
增量式PID算法
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct _pid
{ double set;
double actual;
double err;
double err_one;
double err_two;
double Kp,Ki,Kd;
}pid;
void PID_init()
{ pid.set=0.0;
pid.actual=0.0;
pid.err=0.0;
pid.err_one=0.0;
pid.err_two=0.0;
pid.Kp=0.2;
pid.Ki=0.02;
pid.Kd=0.2;
}
double PID_real(double speed)
{ double increment;
pid.set=speed;
pid.err=pid.set-pid.actual;
increment=pid.Kp*(pid.err-pid.err_one)+pid.Ki*pid.err+pid.Kd*(pid.err-2*pid.err_one+pid.err_two); pid.actual+=increment;
pid.err_two=pid.err_one;
pid.err_one=pid.err;
return pid.actual;
}
main()
{ int i;
PID_init();
for(i=0;i<1200;i++)
{ double speed=PID_real(100.0);
printf("%f\n",speed);
}system("pause");
}
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