我查了一下，说这是没有初始化，才会在第一行出现黑格，需要初始化时延迟增大，我调了之后还是这样。。
没调过的代码如下：#include<reg52.h>#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
sbit dula=P2^6;
sbit wela=P2^7;
sbit rs=P3^5;
sbit lcden=P3^4;
sbit s1=P3^0;//功能键
sbit s2=P3^1;//增加键
sbit s3=P3^2;//减小键
sbit s4=P3^6;//闹钟查看键
sbit rd=P3^7;
sbit beep=P2^3;//蜂鸣器
sbit dscs=P1^4;
sbit dsas=P1^5;
sbit dsrw=P1^6;
sbit dsds=P1^7;
sbit dsirq=P3^3;
bit flag1,flag_ri;//定义两个位变量
uchar count,s1num,flag,t0_num;//其它变量定义
char miao,shi,fen,year,month,day,week,amiao,afen,ashi;
uchar code table[]=" 20 - - ";//液晶固定显示内容
uchar code table1[]=" : : ";
void write_ds(uchar,uchar);//函数申明
void set_alarm(uchar,uchar,uchar);void read_alarm();
uchar read_ds(uchar);void set_time();
void delay(uint z)//延时函数
{
uint x,y;
for(x=z;x>0;x--)
for(y=110;y>0;y--);
}
void di() //蜂鸣器报警声音
{
beep=0;
delay(100);
beep=1;
}
void write_com(uchar com)
{//写液晶命令函数
rs=0;
lcden=0;
P0=com;
delay(3);
lcden=1;
delay(3);
lcden=0;
}
void write_date(uchar date)
{//写液晶数据函数
rs=1;
lcden=0;
P0=date;
delay(3);
lcden=1;
delay(3);
lcden=0;
}
void init()
{//初始化函数
uchar num;
EA=1;//打开总中断
EX1=1;//开外部中断1
IT1=1;//设置负跳变沿触发中断
flag1=0;//变量初始化
t0_num=0;
s1num=0;
week=1;
dula=0;//关闭数码管显示
wela=0;
lcden=0;
rd=0;
//-----------------------------------------------------
write_com(0x38);//1602液晶初始化
write_com(0x0c);
write_com(0x06);
write_com(0x01);
write_com(0x80);
for(num=0;num<15;num++)//写入液晶固定部分显示
{
write_date(table[num]);
delay(1);
}
write_com(0x80+0x40);
for(num=0;num<11;num++)
{
write_date(table1[num]);
delay(1);
}
}
void write_sfm(uchar add,char date)
{//1602液晶刷新时分秒函数4为时，7为分，10为秒
char shi,ge;
shi=date/10;
ge=date%10;
write_com(0x80+0x40+add);
write_date(0x30+shi);
write_date(0x30+ge);
}
void write_nyr(uchar add,char date)
{//1602液晶刷新年月日函数3为年，6为分，9为秒
char shi,ge;
shi=date/10;
ge=date%10;
write_com(0x80+add);
write_date(0x30+shi);
write_date(0x30+ge);
}
void write_week(char we)
{//写液晶星期显示函数
write_com(0x80+12);
switch(we)
{
case 1: write_date('M');delay(5);
write_date('O');delay(5);
write_date('N');
break;
case 2: write_date('T');delay(5);
write_date('U');delay(5);
write_date('E');
break;
case 3: write_date('W');delay(5);
write_date('E');delay(5);
write_date('D');
break;
case 4: write_date('T');delay(5);
write_date('H');delay(5);
write_date('U');
break;
case 5: write_date('F');delay(5);
write_date('R');delay(5);
write_date('I');
break;
case 6: write_date('S');delay(5);
write_date('A');delay(5);
write_date('T');
break;
case 7: write_date('S');delay(5);
write_date('U');delay(5);
write_date('N');
break;
}
}
void keyscan()
{
if(flag_ri==1)
{//这里用来取消闹钟报警，任一键取消报警
if((s1==0)||(s2==0)||(s3==0)||(s4==0))
{
delay(5);
if((s1==0)||(s2==0)||(s3==0)||(s4==0))
{
while(!(s1&&s2&&s3&&s4));
di();
flag_ri=0;//清除报警标志
}
}
}
if(s1==0)//检测S1
{
delay(5);
if(s1==0)
{
s1num++;//记录按下次数
if(flag1==1)
if(s1num==4)
s1num=1;
flag=1;
while(!s1);di();
switch(s1num)
{//光标闪烁点定位
case 1: write_com(0x80+0x40+10);
write_com(0x0f);
break;
case 2: write_com(0x80+0x40+7);
break;
case 3: write_com(0x80+0x40+4);
break;
case 4: write_com(0x80+12);
break;
case 5: write_com(0x80+9);
break;
case 6: write_com(0x80+6);
break;
case 7: write_com(0x80+3);
break;
case 8: s1num=0;
write_com(0x0c);
flag=0;
write_ds(0,miao);
write_ds(2,fen);
write_ds(4,shi);
write_ds(6,week);
write_ds(7,day);
write_ds(8,month);
write_ds(9,year);
break;
}
}
}
if(s1num!=0)//只有当S1按下后，才检测S2和S3
{
if(s2==0)
{
delay(1);
if(s2==0)
{
while(!s2);di();
switch(s1num)
{//根据功能键次数调节相应数值
case 1: miao++;
if(miao==60)
miao=0;
write_sfm(10,miao);
write_com(0x80+0x40+10);
break;
case 2: fen++;
if(fen==60)
fen=0;
write_sfm(7,fen);
write_com(0x80+0x40+7);
break;
case 3: shi++;
if(shi==24)
shi=0;
write_sfm(4,shi);
write_com(0x80+0x40+4);
break;
case 4: week++;
if(week==8)
week=1;
write_week(week);
write_com(0x80+12);
break;
case 5: day++;
if(day==32)
day=1;
write_nyr(9,day);
write_com(0x80+9);
break;
case 6: month++;
if(month==13)
month=1;
write_nyr(6,month);
write_com(0x80+6);
break;
case 7: year++;
if(year==100)
year=0;
write_nyr(3,year);
write_com(0x80+3);
break;
}
}
}
if(s3==0)
{
delay(1);
if(s3==0)
{
while(!s3);di();
switch(s1num)
{//根据功能键次数调节相应数值
case 1: miao--;
if(miao==-1)
miao=59;
write_sfm(10,miao);
write_com(0x80+0x40+10);
break;
case 2: fen--;
if(fen==-1)
fen=59;
write_sfm(7,fen);
write_com(0x80+0x40+7);
break;
case 3: shi--;
if(shi==-1)
shi=23;
write_sfm(4,shi);
write_com(0x80+0x40+4);
break;
case 4: week--;
if(week==0)
week=7;
write_week(week);
write_com(0x80+12);
break;
case 5: day--;
if(day==0)
day=31;
write_nyr(9,day);
write_com(0x80+9);
break;
case 6: month--;
if(month==0)
month=12;
write_nyr(6,month);
write_com(0x80+6);
break;
case 7: year--;
if(year==-1)
year=99;
write_nyr(3,year);
write_com(0x80+3);
break;
}
}
}
}
if(s4==0)//检测S4
{
delay(5);
if(s4==0)
{
flag1=~flag1;
while(!s4);di();
if(flag1==0)
{//退出闹钟设置时保存数值
flag=0;
write_com(0x80+0x40);
write_date(' ');
write_date(' ');
write_com(0x0c);
write_ds(1,miao);
write_ds(3,fen);
write_ds(5,shi);
}
else
{//进入闹钟设置
read_alarm();//读取原始数据
miao=amiao;//重新赋值用以按键调节
fen=afen;
shi=ashi;
write_com(0x80+0x40);
write_date('R');//显示标志
write_date('i');
write_com(0x80+0x40+3);
write_sfm(4,ashi);//送液晶显示闹钟时间
write_sfm(7,afen);
write_sfm(10,amiao);
}
}
}
}
void write_ds(uchar add,uchar date)
{//写12C887函数
dscs=0;
dsas=1;
dsds=1;
dsrw=1;
P0=add;//先写地址
dsas=0;
dsrw=0;
P0=date;//再写数据
dsrw=1;
dsas=1;
dscs=1;
}
uchar read_ds(uchar add)
{//读12C887函数
uchar ds_date;
dsas=1;
dsds=1;
dsrw=1;
dscs=0;
P0=add;//先写地址
dsas=0;
dsds=0;
P0=0xff;
ds_date=P0;//再读数据
dsds=1;
dsas=1;
dscs=1;
return ds_date;
}
/*---首次操作12C887时给予寄存器初始化---*/
void set_time()
{//首次上电初始化时间函数
write_ds(4, 0);
write_ds(2, 0);
/*write_ds(0,0);
write_ds(1,0);
write_ds(2,0);
write_ds(3,0);
write_ds(4,0);
write_ds(5,0);
write_ds(6,0);
write_ds(7,0);
write_ds(8,0);
write_ds(9,0); */
}
//----------------------------------------
void read_alarm()
{//读取12C887闹钟值
amiao=read_ds(1);
afen=read_ds(3);
ashi=read_ds(5);
}
void main()//主函数
{
init();//调用初始化函数
while(1)
{
keyscan();//按键扫描
if(flag_ri==1)//当闹钟中断时进入这里
{
di();
delay(100);
di();
delay(500);
}
if(flag==0&&flag1==0)//正常工作时进入这里
{
keyscan();//按键扫描
year=read_ds(9);//读取12C887数据
month=read_ds(8);
day=read_ds(7);
week=read_ds(6);
shi=read_ds(4);
fen=read_ds(2);
miao=read_ds(0);
write_sfm(10,miao);//送液晶显示
write_sfm(7,fen);
write_sfm(4,shi);
write_week(week);
write_nyr(3,year);
write_nyr(6,month);
write_nyr(9,day);
}
}
}
void exter() interrupt 2//外部中断1服务程序
{ uchar c; //进入中断表示闹钟时间到，
flag_ri=1; //设置标志位，用以大程序中报警提示
c=read_ds(0x0c);//读取12C887的C寄存器表示响应了中断
}
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