铅酸蓄电池放电容量测试仪电路及软件设计求指点

ID:1136941 · 发表于 2025-2-3 14:25

电路采用改变PWM占空比达到恒流放电，软件是很简单的算法。PROTEUS已仿真（非常卡顿且要过好一阵虚拟示波器才能出波形）。因水平有限电路及软件这样设计不知是否正确，寻求意见，若能完善再DIY.
以下是源代码
#include <reg51.h>
#include <intrins.h>
#define uint unsigned int
#define uchar unsigned char
#define ulong unsigned long
/**********1602************/
sbit RS=P1^5;
sbit EN=P1^4;
sbit LCD_D4=P1^3;
sbit LCD_D5=P1^2;
sbit LCD_D6=P1^1;
sbit LCD_D7=P1^0;

sbit SW=P3^2;
sbit PWM_OUT=P3^3;
sbit FMQ=P3^7;
/*********ADC0832**********/
sbit  CS  = P3^4;
sbit  CLK = P3^5;
sbit  DI0 = P3^1;
sbit  WCS  = P3^0;
sbit  WCLK = P1^6;
sbit  WDI0 = P1^7;
//---------------------------
unsigned char Data[8];
unsigned char Table[]="0123456789";
unsigned char hour=0;//小时
unsigned char min=0;//分钟
unsigned char miao=0;//秒
unsigned char mstn=0;//50ms计数
bit ptt=0;//秒闪烁标志
unsigned long AH=0;
unsigned int num=0;
/********以下是函数声明********/
void LCD_en_write(void);//液晶使能
void LCD_by(uchar abc);//写字节
void LCD_set_xy(uchar x, uchar y);//写地址
void LCD_write_str(uchar X,uchar Y,uchar *s);//写字符串
void LCD_init(void);//液晶初始化
void del_ms(uint n);//ms延时函数
void delay_5us(void);//5us延时函数
void delay_nus(uint n);//N us延时函数
void process_3(unsigned long i,unsigned char *p) ;
void display_AH(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char *p);
void Timer0_Init(void);
void Timer1_Init(void);
void display_SJ(uchar x,uchar y,uchar hour,uchar min);//时间显示函数
void display_V(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, uchar *p);
void display_A(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, uchar *p);
uchar V_A();//电压/电流采集函数
uchar SET_A();//电流调节采集函数
//-----------------------------------------
uchar V_A(bit CH)//电压/电流采集函数
{
  uchar i,dat,dat2;
  CS=0;
  _nop_();
  DI0=1;
  CLK=1;
  _nop_();
  CLK=0;
  _nop_();
DI0=1;
  CLK=1;
  _nop_();
  CLK=0;
  _nop_();
if(CH==0)
{
      DI0=0;//V
}
if(CH==1)
{
      DI0=1;//A
}
  CLK=1;
  _nop_();
  CLK=0;
  DI0=1;
  dat=0;
  for(i=0;i<8;i++)
   {
   dat<<=1;
   CLK=1;
   _nop_();
   CLK=0;
   _nop_();
   dat|=DI0;
   }
   dat2=0;
if(DI0==1)
   dat2=0x80;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
   {
      dat2>>=1;
      CLK=1;
      _nop_();
      CLK=0;
      _nop_();
      if(DI0==1)
      dat2|=0x80;
   }
CS=1;
CLK=0;
DI0=1;
if(dat==dat2)
return(dat);
else
return 0;
}
//--------------------------
uchar SET_A()//电流调节采集函数
{
  uchar i,dat,dat2;
  WCS=0;
  _nop_();
  WDI0=1;
  WCLK=1;
  _nop_();
  WCLK=0;
  _nop_();
  WDI0=1;
  WCLK=1;
  _nop_();
  WCLK=0;
  _nop_();
  WDI0=0;//
  WCLK=1;
  _nop_();
  WCLK=0;
  WDI0=1;
  dat=0;
  for(i=0;i<8;i++)
   {
   dat<<=1;
   WCLK=1;
   _nop_();
   WCLK=0;
   _nop_();
   dat|=WDI0;
   }
   dat2=0;
if(WDI0==1)
   dat2=0x80;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
   {
      dat2>>=1;
      WCLK=1;
      _nop_();
      WCLK=0;
      _nop_();
      if(WDI0==1)
      dat2|=0x80;
   }
WCS=1;
WCLK=0;
WDI0=1;
if(dat==dat2)
return(dat);
else
return 0;
}
//--------------------------
void display_SJ(uchar x,uchar y,uchar hour,uchar min)
{
  unsigned char q[2];
  unsigned char w[2];
  q[0]=hour/10;
  q[1]=hour%10;
  w[0]=min/10;
  w[1]=min%10;
  LCD_set_xy( x, y );
  RS=1;
  LCD_by(Table[q[0]]);
  LCD_by(Table[q[1]]);
  if(ptt==1||SW==1)
{
   LCD_write_str(13,0,":");//秒闪烁
}
else
{
   LCD_write_str(13,0," ");
}
  LCD_by(Table[w[0]]);
  LCD_by(Table[w[1]]);
}
//-----------------------------------------
void process_3(unsigned long i,uchar *p)
{
  p[0]=i/100%10;
  p[1]=i/10%10;
  p[2]=i%10;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------
void display_AH(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, uchar *p)
{
  unsigned char i;
  LCD_set_xy( x, y );
  RS=1;
  for(i=0;i<3;i++)
  {
if(i==2)
{
   LCD_write_str(12,1,".");
}
   LCD_by(Table[p[i]]);
  }
}
//---------------------------------------------
void display_V(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, uchar *p)
{
  unsigned char i;
  LCD_set_xy( x, y );
  RS=1;
  for(i=0;i<3;i++)
  {
if(i==2)
{
   LCD_write_str(3,0,".");
}
   LCD_by(Table[p[i]]);
  }
}
//---------------------------------------------
void display_A(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, uchar *p)
{
  unsigned char i;
  LCD_set_xy( x, y );
  RS=1;
  for(i=0;i<3;i++)
  {
if(i==2)
{
   LCD_write_str(3,1,".");
}
   LCD_by(Table[p[i]]);
  }
}
//---------------------------------------------
void LCD_en_write(void)
{
   delay_5us();
   EN=1;
   delay_5us();
   EN=0;
}
//---------------------------------------
void LCD_by(uchar abc)
{
delay_nus(500);
if(((abc<<0)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D7=0;
   else LCD_D7=1;
if(((abc<<1)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D6=0;
   else LCD_D6=1;
if(((abc<<2)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D5=0;
   else LCD_D5=1;
if(((abc<<3)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D4=0;
   else LCD_D4=1;
LCD_en_write();

if(((abc<<4)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D7=0;
   else LCD_D7=1;
if(((abc<<5)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D6=0;
   else LCD_D6=1;
if(((abc<<6)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D5=0;
   else LCD_D5=1;
if(((abc<<7)&0x80)==0)
   LCD_D4=0;
   else LCD_D4=1;
LCD_en_write();
}
//----------------------------------------------
void LCD_set_xy( uchar x, uchar y )
  {
uchar address;
if (y == 0) address = 0x80 + x;
else
address = 0xc0 + x;
RS=0;
LCD_by(address);
  }
//---------------------------------------------
void LCD_write_str(uchar X,uchar Y,uchar *s)
  {
LCD_set_xy(X,Y);
RS=1;
while(*s)
{
   LCD_by(*s);
   s++;
}
  }
//------------------------------------
void LCD_init(void)
{
RS=0;
del_ms(500);

LCD_by(0x30);
del_ms(60);
LCD_by(0x30);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x30);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x02);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x28);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x08);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x01);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x06);
del_ms(10);
LCD_by(0x0C);
del_ms(100);
}
//----------------------------------------------
void delay_nus(uint n)//N us延时函数
  {
uint i=0;
for (i=0;i<n;i++){;}
  }
//------------------------------
void delay_5us(void)//@12.000MHz//5us延时函数
{
unsigned char data i;

_nop_();
_nop_();
i = 12;
while (--i);
}

//------------------------------
void del_ms(uint n)//ms延时函数
{
uchar j;
while(n--)
  {for(j=0;j<125;j++);}
}
//------------------------------
void Timer1_Init(void) //50毫秒@12.000MHz
{
TMOD &= 0x0F;
TL1 = 0xB0;
TH1 = 0x3C;
TF1 = 0;
}
//-------------------------------
void Timer0_Init(void) //4微秒@12.000MHz
{
TMOD &= 0xF0;
TL0 = 0xFC;
TH0 = 0xFF;
TF0 = 0;
}
//-------------------------------
void timer1(void) interrupt 3
{
   TL1 = 0xB0;
   TH1 = 0x3C;
   TF1 = 0;
   mstn++;
   if(mstn==20)
      {
      mstn=0;
      miao++;
      ptt=~ptt;
      if(miao==60)
         {
            miao=0;
            min++;
            if(min==60)
               {
               min=0;
               hour++;
               if(hour==100)
                  {
                     hour=100;
                  }
               }
         }
      }
}
//-------------------------------
void timer0(void) interrupt 1
{
   static unsigned char count=0;
   TL0 = 0xFC; //4us
   TH0 = 0xFF;
   TF0=0;
   count++;
   if(count>=255)count=0;//4us*255=1020us
   if(count>=num)PWM_OUT=1;//改变占空比
   else PWM_OUT=0;//调整电流
}
//-------------------------------
void main(void)
{
   uchar Set_A=0;
   uchar Batt_A=0;
   uchar Batt_V=0;
   uchar A_A=0;
   uchar V_V=0;
   ulong AH=0;

   LCD_init();
   del_ms(10);
   Timer0_Init();
   del_ms(10);
      Timer1_Init();
   del_ms(10);
   FMQ=1;
   PWM_OUT=1;
   ET0=1;
   ET1=1;
   EA=1;

   while(1)
   {
   Set_A=SET_A();//电流调节
   V_V=V_A(0);
   Batt_V=V_V*200./255;//电池电压
   A_A=V_A(1);
   Batt_A=A_A*200./255;//放电电流

   if(SW==1)//停止
   {
   TR0=0;
   TR1=0;
   PWM_OUT=1;//放电MOS管截止
   }
   if(SW==0)//开始
   {
   TR0=1;
   TR1=1;
   num=num+(Set_A-A_A)/2;//恒流放电
   }

         if(V_V<=108)//12V电池放电截止
{
   // while(1)//加上这段仿真会停止
// {
//    TR0=0;
//    TR1=0;
//    PWM_OUT=1;
//    FMQ=0;//蜂鸣器响
// }
}

                  AH=hour*60+min;//放电容量计算
AH*=Batt_A;
AH/=60;

        display_SJ(11,0,hour,min);//时间

            process_3(AH,Data);
                        display_AH(10,1,Data);//容量
                        LCD_write_str(14,1,"AH");

   process_3(Batt_V,Data);
                        display_V(1,0,Data);//电压
   LCD_write_str(5,0,"V");

   process_3(Batt_A,Data);
                        display_A(1,1,Data);//电流
   LCD_write_str(5,1,"A");
   }
}