STM32F407串口DMA收发程序标准库

ID:600825 · 发表于 2026-8-19 19:26

STM32F407DMA数据流一览表**

DMA1请求映射DMA2请求映射

文章分享的是USART1的DMA配置，所以要用到DMA2图中的Stream5的串口1接收和Stream7的发送，这里提一下，如果同时配置了USART1和USART6，不要使用同一个数据流，否则会导致串口驱动不起来的bug。

1. 定义要用到的全局变量

volatile uint16_t com1_rx_len = 0; //接收帧数据的长度
volatile uint8_t com1_recv_end_flag = 0;//帧数据接收完成标志
uint8_t com1_rx_buffer[400]={0}; //接收数据缓存
uint8_t DMA_USART1_TX_BUF[400]={0};//DMA发送缓存
串口1初始化、中断、DMA配置
void uart1_Init(u32 bound)
{
//GPIO端口设置
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

USART_DeInit(USART1);
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);             //使能GPIOA时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);             //使能USART1时钟
//串口1对应引脚复用映射
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource9,GPIO_AF_USART1);    //GPIOA9复用为USART1
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource10,GPIO_AF_USART1);    //GPIOA10复用为USART1
//USART1端口配置
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10 | GPIO_Pin_9; //GPIOA10与GPIOA9
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;                      //复用功能
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;                //速度100MHz
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;                         //推挽复用输出
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP;                      //上拉
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);                                     //初始化PA9，PA10
//USART1 初始化设置
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = bound;                               //波特率设置
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;    //字长为8位数据格式
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;       //一个停止位
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;             //无奇偶校验位
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;    //无硬件数据流控制
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode =  USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;                      //收发模式
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化串口1

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;    //串口1中断通道
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2; //抢占优先级2
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =1;       //子优先级1
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;                //IRQ通道使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);                                           //根据指定的参数初始化VIC寄存器、

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = DMA2_Stream5_IRQn; //嵌套通道为DMA2_Stream5_IRQn
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 2; //抢占优先级为 2
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 2; //响应优先级为 2
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //通道中断使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = DMA2_Stream7_IRQn ;//串口1发送中断通道
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 2; //抢占优先级2
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority       = 3; //子优先级3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd             = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE);    //开启串口空闲中断
USART_DMACmd(USART1, USART_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE);       // 开启串口DMA接收
USART_DMACmd(USART1, USART_DMAReq_Tx, ENABLE);       // 开启串口DMA接收
/* 配置串口DMA接收*/
DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_DMA2, ENABLE);                               // 开启DMA时钟
DMA_DeInit(DMA2_Stream5);
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Channel = DMA_Channel_4;                                                 //通道选择
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&USART1->DR;          //DMA外设地址
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (uint32_t)com1_rx_buffer;          //DMA 存储器0地址
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralToMemory;                      //存储器到外设模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_MAX_LEN;                                     //数据传输量
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;       //外设非增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;                            //存储器增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte; //外设数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;             //存储器数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;                                              //使用普通模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_VeryHigh;                            //高等优先级
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMode_Disable;                //不开启FIFO模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFOThreshold_Full;          //FIFO阈值
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBurst = DMA_MemoryBurst_Single;                      //存储器突发单次传输
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBurst = DMA_PeripheralBurst_Single;          //外设突发单次传输
DMA_Init(DMA2_Stream5, &DMA_InitStructure);
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream5, ENABLE); //使能DMA2_Stream5通道

DMA_DeInit(DMA2_Stream7); //初始化DMA Stream
while (DMA_GetCmdStatus(DMA2_Stream7) != DISABLE);//等待DMA可配置
/* 配置DMA2 Stream7，USART1发送 */
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Channel          = DMA_Channel_4;             //通道选择
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (u32)&USART1->DR;          //DMA外设地址
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (u32)DMA_USART1_TX_BUF;    //DMA 存储器0地址
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR             = DMA_DIR_MemoryToPeripheral;  //存储器到外设模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize       = DMA_USART1_TX_BUF_LEN;    //数据传输量
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc    = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable; //外设非增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc       = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;       //存储器增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte; //外设数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize    = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;    //存储器数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode             = DMA_Mode_Normal;          //使用普通模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority          = DMA_Priority_Medium;       //中等优先级
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOMode          = DMA_FIFOMode_Disable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOThreshold    = DMA_FIFOThreshold_1QuarterFull;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBurst       = DMA_MemoryBurst_Single;    //存储器突发单次传输
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBurst = DMA_PeripheralBurst_Single;  //外设突发单次传输
DMA_Init(DMA2_Stream7, &DMA_InitStructure);                            //初始化DMA Stream7

DMA_ITConfig(DMA2_Stream7, DMA_IT_TC, ENABLE);                                           //DMA2传输完成中断
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream7, DISABLE);                                                                            //不使能
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);  //使能串口1
}
3. 串口1中断服务函数

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)                                                                                     //串口1中断服务程序
{
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_IDLE)!=RESET)    //空闲中断触发
{
         com1_recv_end_flag = 1;    // 接受完成标志位置1

         DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream5, DISABLE);                                  /* 暂时关闭dma，数据尚未处理 */
         com1_rx_len = USART_MAX_LEN - DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream5);/* 获取接收到的数据长度单位为字节*/
         DMA_ClearFlag(DMA2_Stream5,DMA_FLAG_TCIF5);          /* 清DMA标志位 */
         DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream5,USART_MAX_LEN);  /* 重新赋值计数值，必须大于等于最大可能接收到的数据帧数目 */
         DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream5, ENABLE);                            /*打开DMA*/
         USART_ReceiveData(USART1);                                     //清除空闲中断标志位（接收函数有清标志位的作用）
}

   if(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_IT_TXE)==RESET)  //串口发送完成
   {
         USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_TC,DISABLE);
   }
}

4. 串口1DMA发送中断服务函数

void DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler(void)
{
   //清除标志
   if(DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA2_Stream7,DMA_FLAG_TCIF7)!=RESET)//等待DMA2_Steam7传输完成
   {
            DMA_ClearFlag(DMA2_Stream7,DMA_FLAG_TCIF7); //清除DMA2_Steam7传输完成标志
         DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream7,DISABLE);                   //关闭使能
         USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_TC,ENABLE);  //打开串口发送完成中断
   }
}
5. 发送应用函数

void DMA_USART1_Send(u8 *data,u16 size)//函数名称可自定义
{
   memcpy(DMA_USART1_TX_BUF,data,size);                         //复制数据到DMA发送缓存区
   while (DMA_GetCmdStatus(DMA2_Stream7) != DISABLE);  //确保DMA可以被设置
   DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream7,size);                //设置数据传输长度
   DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream7,ENABLE);                                  //打开DMA数据流，开始发送
}

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STM32F407串口DMA收发程序 标准库

STM32F407串口DMA收发程序标准库