【Arduino】108种传感器模块系列实验（资料+代码+图形+仿真）

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 09:26

本帖最后由 eagler8 于 2019-8-4 14:27 编辑

3V3-------输入电源电压（推荐使用3.3，5V也可，但不推荐）
GDN------接地点
SIO_C-----SCCB接口的控制时钟（注意：部分低级单片机需要上拉控制，和I2C接口类似）
SIO_D-----SCCB接口的串行数据输入（出）端（注意：部分低级单片机需要上拉控制，和I2C接口类似）
VSYNC----帧同步信号（输出信号）
HREF------行同步信号（输出信号）
PCLK------像素时钟（输出信号）
D0-D7-----数据端口（输出信号）
RESTE-----复位端口（正常使用拉高）
PWDN----功耗选择模式（正常使用拉低）

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 11:34

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（80）
实验八十： OV7670摄像头模块30W采集拍照模组（替OV7725）
程序通过验证，上传成功，结果是13脚LED一直闪烁，不知那根线接错了，
已经检查二遍了，还是不对，准备重新再连接一次，再不行只好放弃
备注：程序烧录进arduino后，除了power灯之外，如果led灯（13脚）亮，说明出错，
连接有问题，请检查插线，正常会显示tx灯闪烁，隔一段闪一次，不是狂闪，闪一次说
明采集完成了一张照片，也就是读取了一帧，并传输完成，使用windows系统的采集软件
ReadSerialPortWin打开图像并保存。
*/
//wukongxuetang teacher zhang
// Source code for application to transmit image from ov7670 to PC via USB
// By Siarhei Charkes in 2015
// http://privateblog.info
#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/twi.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define vga 0
#define qvga 1
#define qqvga 2
#define yuv422 0
#define rgb565 1
#define bayerRGB 2
#define camAddr_WR 0x42
#define camAddr_RD 0x43
/* Registers */
#define REG_GAIN 0x00 /* Gain lower 8 bits (rest in vref) */
#define REG_BLUE 0x01 /* blue gain */
#define REG_RED 0x02 /* red gain */
#define REG_VREF 0x03 /* Pieces of GAIN, VSTART, VSTOP */
#define REG_COM1 0x04 /* Control 1 */
#define COM1_CCIR656 0x40 /* CCIR656 enable */
#define REG_BAVE 0x05 /* U/B Average level */
#define REG_GbAVE 0x06 /* Y/Gb Average level */
#define REG_AECHH 0x07 /* AEC MS 5 bits */
#define REG_RAVE 0x08 /* V/R Average level */
#define REG_COM2 0x09 /* Control 2 */
#define COM2_SSLEEP 0x10 /* Soft sleep mode */
#define REG_PID 0x0a /* Product ID MSB */
#define REG_VER 0x0b /* Product ID LSB */
#define REG_COM3 0x0c /* Control 3 */
#define COM3_SWAP 0x40 /* Byte swap */
#define COM3_SCALEEN 0x08 /* Enable scaling */
#define COM3_DCWEN 0x04 /* Enable downsamp/crop/window */
#define REG_COM4 0x0d /* Control 4 */
#define REG_COM5 0x0e /* All "reserved" */
#define REG_COM6 0x0f /* Control 6 */
#define REG_AECH 0x10 /* More bits of AEC value */
#define REG_CLKRC 0x11 /* Clocl control */
#define CLK_EXT 0x40 /* Use external clock directly */
#define CLK_SCALE 0x3f /* Mask for internal clock scale */
#define REG_COM7 0x12 /* Control 7 */ //REG mean address.
#define COM7_RESET 0x80 /* Register reset */
#define COM7_FMT_MASK 0x38
#define COM7_FMT_VGA 0x00
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_FMT_QVGA 0x10 /* QVGA format */
#define COM7_FMT_QCIF 0x08 /* QCIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "rocessed bayer" */
#define REG_COM8 0x13 /* Control 8 */
#define COM8_FASTAEC 0x80 /* Enable fast AGC/AEC */
#define COM8_AECSTEP 0x40 /* Unlimited AEC step size */
#define COM8_BFILT 0x20 /* Band filter enable */
#define COM8_AGC 0x04 /* Auto gain enable */
#define COM8_AWB 0x02 /* White balance enable */
#define COM8_AEC 0x01 /* Auto exposure enable */
#define REG_COM9 0x14 /* Control 9- gain ceiling */
#define REG_COM10 0x15 /* Control 10 */
#define COM10_HSYNC 0x40 /* HSYNC instead of HREF */
#define COM10_PCLK_HB 0x20 /* Suppress PCLK on horiz blank */
#define COM10_HREF_REV 0x08 /* Reverse HREF */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM10_VS_NEG 0x02 /* VSYNC negative */
#define COM10_HS_NEG 0x01 /* HSYNC negative */
#define REG_HSTART 0x17 /* Horiz start high bits */
#define REG_HSTOP 0x18 /* Horiz stop high bits */
#define REG_VSTART 0x19 /* Vert start high bits */
#define REG_VSTOP 0x1a /* Vert stop high bits */
#define REG_PSHFT 0x1b /* Pixel delay after HREF */
#define REG_MIDH 0x1c /* Manuf. ID high */
#define REG_MIDL 0x1d /* Manuf. ID low */
#define REG_MVFP 0x1e /* Mirror / vflip */
#define MVFP_MIRROR 0x20 /* Mirror image */
#define MVFP_FLIP 0x10 /* Vertical flip */
#define REG_AEW 0x24 /* AGC upper limit */
#define REG_AEB 0x25 /* AGC lower limit */
#define REG_VPT 0x26 /* AGC/AEC fast mode op region */
#define REG_HSYST 0x30 /* HSYNC rising edge delay */
#define REG_HSYEN 0x31 /* HSYNC falling edge delay */
#define REG_HREF 0x32 /* HREF pieces */
#define REG_TSLB 0x3a /* lots of stuff */
#define TSLB_YLAST 0x04 /* UYVY or VYUY - see com13 */
#define REG_COM11 0x3b /* Control 11 */
#define COM11_NIGHT 0x80 /* NIght mode enable */
#define COM11_NMFR 0x60 /* Two bit NM frame rate */
#define COM11_HZAUTO 0x10 /* Auto detect 50/60 Hz */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM11_EXP 0x02
#define REG_COM12 0x3c /* Control 12 */
#define COM12_HREF 0x80 /* HREF always */
#define REG_COM13 0x3d /* Control 13 */
#define COM13_GAMMA 0x80 /* Gamma enable */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM13_UVSWAP 0x01 /* V before U - w/TSLB */
#define REG_COM14 0x3e /* Control 14 */
#define COM14_DCWEN 0x10 /* DCW/PCLK-scale enable */
#define REG_EDGE 0x3f /* Edge enhancement factor */
#define REG_COM15 0x40 /* Control 15 */
#define COM15_R10F0 0x00 /* Data range 10 to F0 */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define COM15_R00FF 0xc0 /* 00 to FF */
#define COM15_RGB565 0x10 /* RGB565 output */
#define COM15_RGB555 0x30 /* RGB555 output */
#define REG_COM16 0x41 /* Control 16 */
#define COM16_AWBGAIN 0x08 /* AWB gain enable */
#define REG_COM17 0x42 /* Control 17 */
#define COM17_AECWIN 0xc0 /* AEC window - must match COM4 */
#define COM17_CBAR 0x08 /* DSP Color bar */
/*
* This matrix defines how the colors are generated, must be
* tweaked to adjust hue and saturation.
*
* Order: v-red, v-green, v-blue, u-red, u-green, u-blue
* They are nine-bit signed quantities, with the sign bit
* stored in0x58.Sign for v-red is bit 0, and up from there.
*/
#define REG_CMATRIX_BASE 0x4f
#define CMATRIX_LEN 6
#define REG_CMATRIX_SIGN 0x58
#define REG_BRIGHT 0x55 /* Brightness */
#define REG_CONTRAS 0x56 /* Contrast control */
#define REG_GFIX 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define REG_REG76 0x76 /* OV's name */
#define R76_BLKPCOR 0x80 /* Black pixel correction enable */
#define R76_WHTPCOR 0x40 /* White pixel correction enable */
#define REG_RGB444 0x8c /* RGB 444 control */
#define R444_ENABLE 0x02 /* Turn on RGB444, overrides 5x5 */
#define R444_RGBX 0x01 /* Empty nibble at end */
#define REG_HAECC1 0x9f /* Hist AEC/AGC control 1 */
#define REG_HAECC2 0xa0 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 2 */
#define REG_BD50MAX 0xa5 /* 50hz banding step limit */
#define REG_HAECC3 0xa6 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 3 */
#define REG_HAECC4 0xa7 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 4 */
#define REG_HAECC5 0xa8 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 5 */
#define REG_HAECC6 0xa9 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 6 */
#define REG_HAECC7 0xaa /* Hist AEC/AGC control 7 */
#define REG_BD60MAX 0xab /* 60hz banding step limit */
#define REG_GAIN 0x00 /* Gain lower 8 bits (rest in vref) */
#define REG_BLUE 0x01 /* blue gain */
#define REG_RED 0x02 /* red gain */
#define REG_VREF 0x03 /* Pieces of GAIN, VSTART, VSTOP */
#define REG_COM1 0x04 /* Control 1 */
#define COM1_CCIR656 0x40 /* CCIR656 enable */
#define REG_BAVE 0x05 /* U/B Average level */
#define REG_GbAVE 0x06 /* Y/Gb Average level */
#define REG_AECHH 0x07 /* AEC MS 5 bits */
#define REG_RAVE 0x08 /* V/R Average level */
#define REG_COM2 0x09 /* Control 2 */
#define COM2_SSLEEP 0x10 /* Soft sleep mode */
#define REG_PID 0x0a /* Product ID MSB */
#define REG_VER 0x0b /* Product ID LSB */
#define REG_COM3 0x0c /* Control 3 */
#define COM3_SWAP 0x40 /* Byte swap */
#define COM3_SCALEEN 0x08 /* Enable scaling */
#define COM3_DCWEN 0x04 /* Enable downsamp/crop/window */
#define REG_COM4 0x0d /* Control 4 */
#define REG_COM5 0x0e /* All "reserved" */
#define REG_COM6 0x0f /* Control 6 */
#define REG_AECH 0x10 /* More bits of AEC value */
#define REG_CLKRC 0x11 /* Clocl control */
#define CLK_EXT 0x40 /* Use external clock directly */
#define CLK_SCALE 0x3f /* Mask for internal clock scale */
#define REG_COM7 0x12 /* Control 7 */
#define COM7_RESET 0x80 /* Register reset */
#define COM7_FMT_MASK 0x38
#define COM7_FMT_VGA 0x00
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_FMT_QVGA 0x10 /* QVGA format */
#define COM7_FMT_QCIF 0x08 /* QCIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "rocessed bayer" */
#define REG_COM8 0x13 /* Control 8 */
#define COM8_FASTAEC 0x80 /* Enable fast AGC/AEC */
#define COM8_AECSTEP 0x40 /* Unlimited AEC step size */
#define COM8_BFILT 0x20 /* Band filter enable */
#define COM8_AGC 0x04 /* Auto gain enable */
#define COM8_AWB 0x02 /* White balance enable */
#define COM8_AEC 0x01 /* Auto exposure enable */
#define REG_COM9 0x14 /* Control 9- gain ceiling */
#define REG_COM10 0x15 /* Control 10 */
#define COM10_HSYNC 0x40 /* HSYNC instead of HREF */
#define COM10_PCLK_HB 0x20 /* Suppress PCLK on horiz blank */
#define COM10_HREF_REV 0x08 /* Reverse HREF */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM10_VS_NEG 0x02 /* VSYNC negative */
#define COM10_HS_NEG 0x01 /* HSYNC negative */
#define REG_HSTART 0x17 /* Horiz start high bits */
#define REG_HSTOP 0x18 /* Horiz stop high bits */
#define REG_VSTART 0x19 /* Vert start high bits */
#define REG_VSTOP 0x1a /* Vert stop high bits */
#define REG_PSHFT 0x1b /* Pixel delay after HREF */
#define REG_MIDH 0x1c /* Manuf. ID high */
#define REG_MIDL 0x1d /* Manuf. ID low */
#define REG_MVFP 0x1e /* Mirror / vflip */
#define MVFP_MIRROR 0x20 /* Mirror image */
#define MVFP_FLIP 0x10 /* Vertical flip */
#define REG_AEW 0x24 /* AGC upper limit */
#define REG_AEB 0x25 /* AGC lower limit */
#define REG_VPT 0x26 /* AGC/AEC fast mode op region */
#define REG_HSYST 0x30 /* HSYNC rising edge delay */
#define REG_HSYEN 0x31 /* HSYNC falling edge delay */
#define REG_HREF 0x32 /* HREF pieces */
#define REG_TSLB 0x3a /* lots of stuff */
#define TSLB_YLAST 0x04 /* UYVY or VYUY - see com13 */
#define REG_COM11 0x3b /* Control 11 */
#define COM11_NIGHT 0x80 /* NIght mode enable */
#define COM11_NMFR 0x60 /* Two bit NM frame rate */
#define COM11_HZAUTO 0x10 /* Auto detect 50/60 Hz */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM11_EXP 0x02
#define REG_COM12 0x3c /* Control 12 */
#define COM12_HREF 0x80 /* HREF always */
#define REG_COM13 0x3d /* Control 13 */
#define COM13_GAMMA 0x80 /* Gamma enable */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM13_UVSWAP 0x01 /* V before U - w/TSLB */
#define REG_COM14 0x3e /* Control 14 */
#define COM14_DCWEN 0x10 /* DCW/PCLK-scale enable */
#define REG_EDGE 0x3f /* Edge enhancement factor */
#define REG_COM15 0x40 /* Control 15 */
#define COM15_R10F0 0x00 /* Data range 10 to F0 */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define COM15_R00FF 0xc0 /* 00 to FF */
#define COM15_RGB565 0x10 /* RGB565 output */
#define COM15_RGB555 0x30 /* RGB555 output */
#define REG_COM16 0x41 /* Control 16 */
#define COM16_AWBGAIN 0x08 /* AWB gain enable */
#define REG_COM17 0x42 /* Control 17 */
#define COM17_AECWIN 0xc0 /* AEC window - must match COM4 */
#define COM17_CBAR 0x08 /* DSP Color bar */
#define CMATRIX_LEN 6
#define REG_BRIGHT 0x55 /* Brightness */
#define REG_REG76 0x76 /* OV's name */
#define R76_BLKPCOR 0x80 /* Black pixel correction enable */
#define R76_WHTPCOR 0x40 /* White pixel correction enable */
#define REG_RGB444 0x8c /* RGB 444 control */
#define R444_ENABLE 0x02 /* Turn on RGB444, overrides 5x5 */
#define R444_RGBX 0x01 /* Empty nibble at end */
#define REG_HAECC1 0x9f /* Hist AEC/AGC control 1 */
#define REG_HAECC2 0xa0 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 2 */
#define REG_BD50MAX 0xa5 /* 50hz banding step limit */
#define REG_HAECC3 0xa6 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 3 */
#define REG_HAECC4 0xa7 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 4 */
#define REG_HAECC5 0xa8 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 5 */
#define REG_HAECC6 0xa9 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 6 */
#define REG_HAECC7 0xaa /* Hist AEC/AGC control 7 */
#define REG_BD60MAX 0xab /* 60hz banding step limit */
#define MTX1 0x4f /* Matrix Coefficient 1 */
#define MTX2 0x50 /* Matrix Coefficient 2 */
#define MTX3 0x51 /* Matrix Coefficient 3 */
#define MTX4 0x52 /* Matrix Coefficient 4 */
#define MTX5 0x53 /* Matrix Coefficient 5 */
#define MTX6 0x54 /* Matrix Coefficient 6 */
#define REG_CONTRAS 0x56 /* Contrast control */
#define MTXS 0x58 /* Matrix Coefficient Sign */
#define AWBC7 0x59 /* AWB Control 7 */
#define AWBC8 0x5a /* AWB Control 8 */
#define AWBC9 0x5b /* AWB Control 9 */
#define AWBC10 0x5c /* AWB Control 10 */
#define AWBC11 0x5d /* AWB Control 11 */
#define AWBC12 0x5e /* AWB Control 12 */
#define REG_GFI 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define GGAIN 0x6a /* G Channel AWB Gain */
#define DBLV 0x6b
#define AWBCTR3 0x6c /* AWB Control 3 */
#define AWBCTR2 0x6d /* AWB Control 2 */
#define AWBCTR1 0x6e /* AWB Control 1 */
#define AWBCTR0 0x6f /* AWB Control 0 */
struct regval_list{
uint8_t reg_num;
uint16_t value;
};
const struct regval_list qvga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{ REG_COM14, 0x19 },
{ 0x72, 0x11 },
{ 0x73, 0xf1 },
{ REG_HSTART, 0x16 },
{ REG_HSTOP, 0x04 },
{ REG_HREF, 0xa4 },
{ REG_VSTART, 0x02 },
{ REG_VSTOP, 0x7a },
{ REG_VREF, 0x0a },
/* { REG_HSTART, 0x16 },
{ REG_HSTOP, 0x04 },
{ REG_HREF, 0x24 },
{ REG_VSTART, 0x02 },
{ REG_VSTOP, 0x7a },
{ REG_VREF, 0x0a },*/
{ 0xff, 0xff }, /* END MARKER */
};
const struct regval_list yuv422_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{ REG_COM7, 0x0 }, /* Selects YUV mode */
{ REG_RGB444, 0 }, /* No RGB444 please */
{ REG_COM1, 0 },
{ REG_COM15, COM15_R00FF },
{ REG_COM9, 0x6A }, /* 128x gain ceiling; 0x8 is reserved bit */
{ 0x4f, 0x80 }, /* "matrix coefficient 1" */
{ 0x50, 0x80 }, /* "matrix coefficient 2" */
{ 0x51, 0 }, /* vb */
{ 0x52, 0x22 }, /* "matrix coefficient 4" */
{ 0x53, 0x5e }, /* "matrix coefficient 5" */
{ 0x54, 0x80 }, /* "matrix coefficient 6" */
{ REG_COM13, COM13_UVSAT },
{ 0xff, 0xff }, /* END MARKER */
};
const struct regval_list ov7670_default_regs[] PROGMEM = {//from the linux driver
{ REG_COM7, COM7_RESET },
{ REG_TSLB, 0x04 }, /* OV */
{ REG_COM7, 0 }, /* VGA */
/*
* Set the hardware window. These values from OV don't entirely
* make sense - hstop is less than hstart. But they work...
*/
{ REG_HSTART, 0x13 }, { REG_HSTOP, 0x01 },
{ REG_HREF, 0xb6 }, { REG_VSTART, 0x02 },
{ REG_VSTOP, 0x7a }, { REG_VREF, 0x0a },
{ REG_COM3, 0 }, { REG_COM14, 0 },
/* Mystery scaling numbers */
{ 0x70, 0x3a }, { 0x71, 0x35 },
{ 0x72, 0x11 }, { 0x73, 0xf0 },
{ 0xa2,/* 0x02 changed to 1*/1 }, { REG_COM10, 0x0 },
/* Gamma curve values */
{ 0x7a, 0x20 }, { 0x7b, 0x10 },
{ 0x7c, 0x1e }, { 0x7d, 0x35 },
{ 0x7e, 0x5a }, { 0x7f, 0x69 },
{ 0x80, 0x76 }, { 0x81, 0x80 },
{ 0x82, 0x88 }, { 0x83, 0x8f },
{ 0x84, 0x96 }, { 0x85, 0xa3 },
{ 0x86, 0xaf }, { 0x87, 0xc4 },
{ 0x88, 0xd7 }, { 0x89, 0xe8 },
/* AGC and AEC parameters. Note we start by disabling those features,
then turn them only after tweaking the values. */
{ REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP },
{ REG_GAIN, 0 }, { REG_AECH, 0 },
{ REG_COM4, 0x40 }, /* magic reserved bit */
{ REG_COM9, 0x18 }, /* 4x gain + magic rsvd bit */
{ REG_BD50MAX, 0x05 }, { REG_BD60MAX, 0x07 },
{ REG_AEW, 0x95 }, { REG_AEB, 0x33 },
{ REG_VPT, 0xe3 }, { REG_HAECC1, 0x78 },
{ REG_HAECC2, 0x68 }, { 0xa1, 0x03 }, /* magic */
{ REG_HAECC3, 0xd8 }, { REG_HAECC4, 0xd8 },
{ REG_HAECC5, 0xf0 }, { REG_HAECC6, 0x90 },
{ REG_HAECC7, 0x94 },
{ REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP | COM8_AGC | COM8_AEC },
{ 0x30, 0 }, { 0x31, 0 },//disable some delays
/* Almost all of these are magic "reserved" values. */
{ REG_COM5, 0x61 }, { REG_COM6, 0x4b },
{ 0x16, 0x02 }, { REG_MVFP, 0x07 },
{ 0x21, 0x02 }, { 0x22, 0x91 },
{ 0x29, 0x07 }, { 0x33, 0x0b },
{ 0x35, 0x0b }, { 0x37, 0x1d },
{ 0x38, 0x71 }, { 0x39, 0x2a },
{ REG_COM12, 0x78 }, { 0x4d, 0x40 },
{ 0x4e, 0x20 }, { REG_GFIX, 0 },
/*{0x6b, 0x4a},*/{ 0x74, 0x10 },
{ 0x8d, 0x4f }, { 0x8e, 0 },
{ 0x8f, 0 }, { 0x90, 0 },
{ 0x91, 0 }, { 0x96, 0 },
{ 0x9a, 0 }, { 0xb0, 0x84 },
{ 0xb1, 0x0c }, { 0xb2, 0x0e },
{ 0xb3, 0x82 }, { 0xb8, 0x0a },
/* More reserved magic, some of which tweaks white balance */
{ 0x43, 0x0a }, { 0x44, 0xf0 },
{ 0x45, 0x34 }, { 0x46, 0x58 },
{ 0x47, 0x28 }, { 0x48, 0x3a },
{ 0x59, 0x88 }, { 0x5a, 0x88 },
{ 0x5b, 0x44 }, { 0x5c, 0x67 },
{ 0x5d, 0x49 }, { 0x5e, 0x0e },
{ 0x6c, 0x0a }, { 0x6d, 0x55 },
{ 0x6e, 0x11 }, { 0x6f, 0x9e }, /* it was 0x9F "9e for advance AWB" */
{ 0x6a, 0x40 }, { REG_BLUE, 0x40 },
{ REG_RED, 0x60 },
{ REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP | COM8_AGC | COM8_AEC | COM8_AWB },
/* Matrix coefficients */
{ 0x4f, 0x80 }, { 0x50, 0x80 },
{ 0x51, 0 }, { 0x52, 0x22 },
{ 0x53, 0x5e }, { 0x54, 0x80 },
{ 0x58, 0x9e },
{ REG_COM16, COM16_AWBGAIN }, { REG_EDGE, 0 },
{ 0x75, 0x05 }, { REG_REG76, 0xe1 },
{ 0x4c, 0 }, { 0x77, 0x01 },
{ REG_COM13, /*0xc3*/0x48 }, { 0x4b, 0x09 },
{ 0xc9, 0x60 }, /*{REG_COM16, 0x38},*/
{ 0x56, 0x40 },
{ 0x34, 0x11 }, { REG_COM11, COM11_EXP | COM11_HZAUTO },
{ 0xa4, 0x82/*Was 0x88*/ }, { 0x96, 0 },
{ 0x97, 0x30 }, { 0x98, 0x20 },
{ 0x99, 0x30 }, { 0x9a, 0x84 },
{ 0x9b, 0x29 }, { 0x9c, 0x03 },
{ 0x9d, 0x4c }, { 0x9e, 0x3f },
{ 0x78, 0x04 },
/* Extra-weird stuff. Some sort of multiplexor register */
{ 0x79, 0x01 }, { 0xc8, 0xf0 },
{ 0x79, 0x0f }, { 0xc8, 0x00 },
{ 0x79, 0x10 }, { 0xc8, 0x7e },
{ 0x79, 0x0a }, { 0xc8, 0x80 },
{ 0x79, 0x0b }, { 0xc8, 0x01 },
{ 0x79, 0x0c }, { 0xc8, 0x0f },
{ 0x79, 0x0d }, { 0xc8, 0x20 },
{ 0x79, 0x09 }, { 0xc8, 0x80 },
{ 0x79, 0x02 }, { 0xc8, 0xc0 },
{ 0x79, 0x03 }, { 0xc8, 0x40 },
{ 0x79, 0x05 }, { 0xc8, 0x30 },
{ 0x79, 0x26 },
{ 0xff, 0xff }, /* END MARKER */
};
void error_led(void){
DDRB |= 32;//make sure led is output
while (1){//wait for reset
PORTB ^= 32;// toggle led
_delay_ms(100);
}
}
void twiStart(void){
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWSTA) | _BV(TWEN);//send start
while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)));//wait for start to be transmitted
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_START)
error_led();
}
void twiWriteByte(uint8_t DATA, uint8_t type){
TWDR = DATA;
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT))) {}
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != type)
error_led();
}
void twiAddr(uint8_t addr, uint8_t typeTWI){
TWDR = addr;//send address
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN); /* clear interrupt to start transmission */
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != typeTWI)
error_led();
}
void wrReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t dat){
//send start condition
twiStart();
twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(dat, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
}
static uint8_t twiRd(uint8_t nack){
if (nack){
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_NACK)
error_led();
return TWDR;
}
else{
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWEA);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_ACK)
error_led();
return TWDR;
}
}
uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg){
uint8_t dat;
twiStart();
twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
twiStart();
twiAddr(camAddr_RD, TW_MR_SLA_ACK);
dat = twiRd(1);
TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
return dat;
}
void wrSensorRegs8_8(const struct regval_list reglist[]){
uint8_t reg_addr, reg_val;
const struct regval_list *next = reglist;
while ((reg_addr != 0xff) | (reg_val != 0xff)){
reg_addr = pgm_read_byte(&next->reg_num);
reg_val = pgm_read_byte(&next->value);
wrReg(reg_addr, reg_val);
next++;
}
}
void setColor(void){
wrSensorRegs8_8(yuv422_ov7670);
}
void setRes(void){
wrReg(REG_COM3, 4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
wrSensorRegs8_8(qvga_ov7670);
}
void camInit(void){
wrReg(0x12, 0x80);
_delay_ms(100);
wrSensorRegs8_8(ov7670_default_regs);
wrReg(REG_COM10, 32);//PCLK does not toggle on HBLANK.
}
void arduinoUnoInut(void) {
cli();//disable interrupts
/* Setup the 8mhz PWM clock
* This will be on pin 11*/
DDRB |= (1 << 3);//pin 11
ASSR &= ~(_BV(EXCLK) | _BV(AS2));
TCCR2A = (1 << COM2A0) | (1 << WGM21) | (1 << WGM20);
TCCR2B = (1 << WGM22) | (1 << CS20);
OCR2A = 0;//(F_CPU)/(2*(X+1))
DDRC &= ~15;//low d0-d3 camera
DDRD &= ~252;//d7-d4 and interrupt pins
_delay_ms(3000);
//set up twi for 100khz
TWSR &= ~3;//disable prescaler for TWI
TWBR = 72;//set to 100khz
//enable serial
UBRR0H = 0;
UBRR0L = 1;//0 = 2M baud rate. 1 = 1M baud. 3 = 0.5M. 7 = 250k 207 is 9600 baud rate.
UCSR0A |= 2;//double speed aysnc
UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);//Enable receiver and transmitter
UCSR0C = 6;//async 1 stop bit 8bit char no parity bits
}
void StringPgm(const char * str){
do{
while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));//wait for byte to transmit
UDR0 = pgm_read_byte_near(str);
while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));//wait for byte to transmit
} while (pgm_read_byte_near(++str));
}
static void captureImg(uint16_t wg, uint16_t hg){
uint16_t y, x;
StringPgm(PSTR("*RDY*"));
while (!(PIND & 8));//wait for high
while ((PIND & 8));//wait for low
y = hg;
while (y--){
x = wg;
//while (!(PIND & 256));//wait for high
while (x--){
while ((PIND & 4));//wait for low
UDR0 = (PINC & 15) | (PIND & 240);
while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));//wait for byte to transmit
while (!(PIND & 4));//wait for high
while ((PIND & 4));//wait for low
while (!(PIND & 4));//wait for high
}
// while ((PIND & 256));//wait for low
}
// _delay_ms(100);
}
void setup(){
arduinoUnoInut();
camInit();
setRes();
setColor();
wrReg(0x11, 10); //Earlier it had the value: wrReg(0x11, 12); New version works better for me !!!!
}
void loop(){
captureImg(320, 240);
}

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ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 11:54

虽然能通过验证并上传成功，还是发现有红字的警告，不懂如何处理

ino:24:0: warning: "F_CPU" redefined

#define F_CPU 16000000UL

^

<command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 12:12

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 14:26

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（80）
实验八十： OV7670摄像头模块30W采集拍照模组（替OV7725）
程序之二
直接用arduino的Wire库函数对ov7670 fifo寄存器进行操作需要注意的是：
1.要对官方给的芯片地址0x42向右移一位；
2.要先对其进行复位也就是将0x12寄存器写0x80；
3.这里读的是两个寄存器这里读的分别是两个标志寄存器PID和VER，地址分别是0x0a和0x0b。
然后运行的结果就像这样
*/
#include <Wire.h>
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
Wire.begin();
Wire.beginTransmission(0x42>>1);
Wire.write(0x12);
Wire.write(0x80);
Wire.endTransmission();
delay(10);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
Wire.beginTransmission(0x42>>1);
Wire.write(0x0a);
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom((0x42>>1), 2);
byte data1 = Wire.read();
byte data2 = Wire.read();
Serial.println(data1,HEX);
Serial.println(data2,HEX);
Serial.println("********");
delay(1000);
}

复制代码

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 14:30

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 14:52

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（80）
实验八十： OV7670摄像头模块30W采集拍照模组（替OV7725）
在github.com上的最新OV7670库文件
OV7670.h
*/
#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
void wrReg(uint8_t reg,uint8_t dat);
uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg);
enum RESOLUTION{VGA,QVGA,QQVGA};
enum COLORSPACE{YUV422,RGB565,BAYER_RGB};
struct regval_list{
uint8_t reg_num;
uint8_t value;
};
void setColorSpace(enum COLORSPACE color);
void setRes(enum RESOLUTION res);
void camInit(void);
#define OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS 0x21
/* Registers */
#define REG_GAIN 0x00 /* Gain lower 8 bits (rest in vref) */
#define REG_BLUE 0x01 /* blue gain */
#define REG_RED 0x02 /* red gain */
#define REG_VREF 0x03 /* Pieces of GAIN, VSTART, VSTOP */
#define REG_COM1 0x04 /* Control 1 */
#define COM1_CCIR656 0x40 /* CCIR656 enable */
#define REG_BAVE 0x05 /* U/B Average level */
#define REG_GbAVE 0x06 /* Y/Gb Average level */
#define REG_AECHH 0x07 /* AEC MS 5 bits */
#define REG_RAVE 0x08 /* V/R Average level */
#define REG_COM2 0x09 /* Control 2 */
#define COM2_SSLEEP 0x10 /* Soft sleep mode */
#define REG_PID 0x0a /* Product ID MSB */
#define REG_VER 0x0b /* Product ID LSB */
#define REG_COM3 0x0c /* Control 3 */
#define COM3_SWAP 0x40 /* Byte swap */
#define COM3_SCALEEN 0x08 /* Enable scaling */
#define COM3_DCWEN 0x04 /* Enable downsamp/crop/window */
#define REG_COM4 0x0d /* Control 4 */
#define REG_COM5 0x0e /* All "reserved" */
#define REG_COM6 0x0f /* Control 6 */
#define REG_AECH 0x10 /* More bits of AEC value */
#define REG_CLKRC 0x11 /* Clocl control */
#define CLK_EXT 0x40 /* Use external clock directly */
#define CLK_SCALE 0x3f /* Mask for internal clock scale */
#define REG_COM7 0x12 /* Control 7 */
#define COM7_RESET 0x80 /* Register reset */
#define COM7_FMT_MASK 0x38
#define COM7_FMT_VGA 0x00
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_FMT_QVGA 0x10 /* QVGA format */
#define COM7_FMT_QCIF 0x08 /* QCIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "Processed bayer" */
#define REG_COM8 0x13 /* Control 8 */
#define COM8_FASTAEC 0x80 /* Enable fast AGC/AEC */
#define COM8_AECSTEP 0x40 /* Unlimited AEC step size */
#define COM8_BFILT 0x20 /* Band filter enable */
#define COM8_AGC 0x04 /* Auto gain enable */
#define COM8_AWB 0x02 /* White balance enable */
#define COM8_AEC 0x01 /* Auto exposure enable */
#define REG_COM9 0x14 /* Control 9- gain ceiling */
#define REG_COM10 0x15 /* Control 10 */
#define COM10_HSYNC 0x40 /* HSYNC instead of HREF */
#define COM10_PCLK_HB 0x20 /* Suppress PCLK on horiz blank */
#define COM10_HREF_REV 0x08 /* Reverse HREF */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM10_VS_NEG 0x02 /* VSYNC negative */
#define COM10_HS_NEG 0x01 /* HSYNC negative */
#define REG_HSTART 0x17 /* Horiz start high bits */
#define REG_HSTOP 0x18 /* Horiz stop high bits */
#define REG_VSTART 0x19 /* Vert start high bits */
#define REG_VSTOP 0x1a /* Vert stop high bits */
#define REG_PSHFT 0x1b /* Pixel delay after HREF */
#define REG_MIDH 0x1c /* Manuf. ID high */
#define REG_MIDL 0x1d /* Manuf. ID low */
#define REG_MVFP 0x1e /* Mirror / vflip */
#define MVFP_MIRROR 0x20 /* Mirror image */
#define MVFP_FLIP 0x10 /* Vertical flip */
#define REG_AEW 0x24 /* AGC upper limit */
#define REG_AEB 0x25 /* AGC lower limit */
#define REG_VPT 0x26 /* AGC/AEC fast mode op region */
#define REG_HSYST 0x30 /* HSYNC rising edge delay */
#define REG_HSYEN 0x31 /* HSYNC falling edge delay */
#define REG_HREF 0x32 /* HREF pieces */
#define REG_TSLB 0x3a /* lots of stuff */
#define TSLB_YLAST 0x04 /* UYVY or VYUY - see com13 */
#define REG_COM11 0x3b /* Control 11 */
#define COM11_NIGHT 0x80 /* NIght mode enable */
#define COM11_NMFR 0x60 /* Two bit NM frame rate */
#define COM11_HZAUTO 0x10 /* Auto detect 50/60 Hz */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM11_EXP 0x02
#define REG_COM12 0x3c /* Control 12 */
#define COM12_HREF 0x80 /* HREF always */
#define REG_COM13 0x3d /* Control 13 */
#define COM13_GAMMA 0x80 /* Gamma enable */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM13_UVSWAP 0x01 /* V before U - w/TSLB */
#define REG_COM14 0x3e /* Control 14 */
#define COM14_DCWEN 0x10 /* DCW/PCLK-scale enable */
#define REG_EDGE 0x3f /* Edge enhancement factor */
#define REG_COM15 0x40 /* Control 15 */
#define COM15_R10F0 0x00 /* Data range 10 to F0 */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define COM15_R00FF 0xc0 /* 00 to FF */
#define COM15_RGB565 0x10 /* RGB565 output */
#define COM15_RGB555 0x30 /* RGB555 output */
#define REG_COM16 0x41 /* Control 16 */
#define COM16_AWBGAIN 0x08 /* AWB gain enable */
#define REG_COM17 0x42 /* Control 17 */
#define COM17_AECWIN 0xc0 /* AEC window - must match COM4 */
#define COM17_CBAR 0x08 /* DSP Color bar */
/*
* This matrix defines how the colors are generated, must be
* tweaked to adjust hue and saturation.
*
* Order: v-red, v-green, v-blue, u-red, u-green, u-blue
* They are nine-bit signed quantities, with the sign bit
* stored in0x58.Sign for v-red is bit 0, and up from there.
*/
#define REG_CMATRIX_BASE0x4f
#define CMATRIX_LEN 6
#define REG_CMATRIX_SIGN0x58
#define REG_BRIGHT 0x55 /* Brightness */
#define REG_CONTRAS 0x56 /* Contrast control */
#define REG_GFIX 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define REG_REG76 0x76 /* OV's name */
#define R76_BLKPCOR 0x80 /* Black pixel correction enable */
#define R76_WHTPCOR 0x40 /* White pixel correction enable */
#define REG_RGB444 0x8c /* RGB 444 control */
#define R444_ENABLE 0x02 /* Turn on RGB444, overrides 5x5 */
#define R444_RGBX 0x01 /* Empty nibble at end */
#define REG_HAECC1 0x9f /* Hist AEC/AGC control 1 */
#define REG_HAECC2 0xa0 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 2 */
#define REG_BD50MAX 0xa5 /* 50hz banding step limit */
#define REG_HAECC3 0xa6 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 3 */
#define REG_HAECC4 0xa7 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 4 */
#define REG_HAECC5 0xa8 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 5 */
#define REG_HAECC6 0xa9 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 6 */
#define REG_HAECC7 0xaa /* Hist AEC/AGC control 7 */
#define REG_BD60MAX 0xab /* 60hz banding step limit */
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "Processed bayer" */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define MTX1 0x4f /* Matrix Coefficient 1 */
#define MTX2 0x50 /* Matrix Coefficient 2 */
#define MTX3 0x51 /* Matrix Coefficient 3 */
#define MTX4 0x52 /* Matrix Coefficient 4 */
#define MTX5 0x53 /* Matrix Coefficient 5 */
#define MTX6 0x54 /* Matrix Coefficient 6 */
#define MTXS 0x58 /* Matrix Coefficient Sign */
#define AWBC7 0x59 /* AWB Control 7 */
#define AWBC8 0x5a /* AWB Control 8 */
#define AWBC9 0x5b /* AWB Control 9 */
#define AWBC10 0x5c /* AWB Control 10 */
#define AWBC11 0x5d /* AWB Control 11 */
#define AWBC12 0x5e /* AWB Control 12 */
#define REG_GFI 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define GGAIN 0x6a /* G Channel AWB Gain */
#define DBLV 0x6b
#define AWBCTR3 0x6c /* AWB Control 3 */
#define AWBCTR2 0x6d /* AWB Control 2 */
#define AWBCTR1 0x6e /* AWB Control 1 */
#define AWBCTR0 0x6f /* AWB Control 0 */

复制代码

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 14:55

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（80）
实验八十： OV7670摄像头模块30W采集拍照模组（替OV7725）
在github.com上的最新OV7670库文件之二
OV7670.c
*/
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/twi.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include "ov7670.h"
static const struct regval_list vga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_HREF,0xF6}, // was B6
{0x17,0x13}, // HSTART
{0x18,0x01}, // HSTOP
{0x19,0x02}, // VSTART
{0x1a,0x7a}, // VSTOP
{REG_VREF,0x0a}, // VREF
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list qvga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM14, 0x19},
{0x72, 0x11},
{0x73, 0xf1},
{REG_HSTART,0x16},
{REG_HSTOP,0x04},
{REG_HREF,0x24},
{REG_VSTART,0x02},
{REG_VSTOP,0x7a},
{REG_VREF,0x0a},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list qqvga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM14, 0x1a}, // divide by 4
{0x72, 0x22}, // downsample by 4
{0x73, 0xf2}, // divide by 4
{REG_HSTART,0x16},
{REG_HSTOP,0x04},
{REG_HREF,0xa4},
{REG_VSTART,0x02},
{REG_VSTOP,0x7a},
{REG_VREF,0x0a},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list yuv422_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM7, 0x0}, /* Selects YUV mode */
{REG_RGB444, 0}, /* No RGB444 please */
{REG_COM1, 0},
{REG_COM15, COM15_R00FF},
{REG_COM9, 0x6A}, /* 128x gain ceiling; 0x8 is reserved bit */
{0x4f, 0x80}, /* "matrix coefficient 1" */
{0x50, 0x80}, /* "matrix coefficient 2" */
{0x51, 0}, /* vb */
{0x52, 0x22}, /* "matrix coefficient 4" */
{0x53, 0x5e}, /* "matrix coefficient 5" */
{0x54, 0x80}, /* "matrix coefficient 6" */
{REG_COM13,/*COM13_GAMMA|*/COM13_UVSAT},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list rgb565_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM7, COM7_RGB}, /* Selects RGB mode */
{REG_RGB444, 0}, /* No RGB444 please */
{REG_COM1, 0x0},
{REG_COM15, COM15_RGB565|COM15_R00FF},
{REG_COM9, 0x6A}, /* 128x gain ceiling; 0x8 is reserved bit */
{0x4f, 0xb3}, /* "matrix coefficient 1" */
{0x50, 0xb3}, /* "matrix coefficient 2" */
{0x51, 0}, /* vb */
{0x52, 0x3d}, /* "matrix coefficient 4" */
{0x53, 0xa7}, /* "matrix coefficient 5" */
{0x54, 0xe4}, /* "matrix coefficient 6" */
{REG_COM13, /*COM13_GAMMA|*/COM13_UVSAT},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list bayerRGB_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM7, COM7_BAYER},
{REG_COM13, 0x08}, /* No gamma, magic rsvd bit */
{REG_COM16, 0x3d}, /* Edge enhancement, denoise */
{REG_REG76, 0xe1}, /* Pix correction, magic rsvd */
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list ov7670_default_regs[] PROGMEM = {//from the linux driver
{REG_COM7, COM7_RESET},
{REG_TSLB, 0x04}, /* OV */
{REG_COM7, 0}, /* VGA */
/*
* Set the hardware window. These values from OV don't entirely
* make sense - hstop is less than hstart. But they work...
*/
{REG_HSTART, 0x13}, {REG_HSTOP, 0x01},
{REG_HREF, 0xb6}, {REG_VSTART, 0x02},
{REG_VSTOP, 0x7a}, {REG_VREF, 0x0a},
{REG_COM3, 0}, {REG_COM14, 0},
/* Mystery scaling numbers */
{0x70, 0x3a}, {0x71, 0x35},
{0x72, 0x11}, {0x73, 0xf0},
{0xa2,/* 0x02 changed to 1*/1},{REG_COM10, COM10_VS_NEG},
/* Gamma curve values */
{0x7a, 0x20}, {0x7b, 0x10},
{0x7c, 0x1e}, {0x7d, 0x35},
{0x7e, 0x5a}, {0x7f, 0x69},
{0x80, 0x76}, {0x81, 0x80},
{0x82, 0x88}, {0x83, 0x8f},
{0x84, 0x96}, {0x85, 0xa3},
{0x86, 0xaf}, {0x87, 0xc4},
{0x88, 0xd7}, {0x89, 0xe8},
/* AGC and AEC parameters. Note we start by disabling those features,
then turn them only after tweaking the values. */
{REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP},
{REG_GAIN, 0}, {REG_AECH, 0},
{REG_COM4, 0x40}, /* magic reserved bit */
{REG_COM9, 0x18}, /* 4x gain + magic rsvd bit */
{REG_BD50MAX, 0x05}, {REG_BD60MAX, 0x07},
{REG_AEW, 0x95}, {REG_AEB, 0x33},
{REG_VPT, 0xe3}, {REG_HAECC1, 0x78},
{REG_HAECC2, 0x68}, {0xa1, 0x03}, /* magic */
{REG_HAECC3, 0xd8}, {REG_HAECC4, 0xd8},
{REG_HAECC5, 0xf0}, {REG_HAECC6, 0x90},
{REG_HAECC7, 0x94},
{REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC|COM8_AECSTEP|COM8_AGC|COM8_AEC},
{0x30,0},{0x31,0},//disable some delays
/* Almost all of these are magic "reserved" values. */
{REG_COM5, 0x61}, {REG_COM6, 0x4b},
{0x16, 0x02}, {REG_MVFP, 0x07},
{0x21, 0x02}, {0x22, 0x91},
{0x29, 0x07}, {0x33, 0x0b},
{0x35, 0x0b}, {0x37, 0x1d},
{0x38, 0x71}, {0x39, 0x2a},
{REG_COM12, 0x78}, {0x4d, 0x40},
{0x4e, 0x20}, {REG_GFIX, 0},
/*{0x6b, 0x4a},*/ {0x74,0x10},
{0x8d, 0x4f}, {0x8e, 0},
{0x8f, 0}, {0x90, 0},
{0x91, 0}, {0x96, 0},
{0x9a, 0}, {0xb0, 0x84},
{0xb1, 0x0c}, {0xb2, 0x0e},
{0xb3, 0x82}, {0xb8, 0x0a},
/* More reserved magic, some of which tweaks white balance */
{0x43, 0x0a}, {0x44, 0xf0},
{0x45, 0x34}, {0x46, 0x58},
{0x47, 0x28}, {0x48, 0x3a},
{0x59, 0x88}, {0x5a, 0x88},
{0x5b, 0x44}, {0x5c, 0x67},
{0x5d, 0x49}, {0x5e, 0x0e},
{0x6c, 0x0a}, {0x6d, 0x55},
{0x6e, 0x11}, {0x6f, 0x9e}, /* it was 0x9F "9e for advance AWB" */
{0x6a, 0x40}, {REG_BLUE, 0x40},
{REG_RED, 0x60},
{REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC|COM8_AECSTEP|COM8_AGC|COM8_AEC|COM8_AWB},
/* Matrix coefficients */
{0x4f, 0x80}, {0x50, 0x80},
{0x51, 0}, {0x52, 0x22},
{0x53, 0x5e}, {0x54, 0x80},
{0x58, 0x9e},
{REG_COM16, COM16_AWBGAIN}, {REG_EDGE, 0},
{0x75, 0x05}, {REG_REG76, 0xe1},
{0x4c, 0}, {0x77, 0x01},
{REG_COM13, /*0xc3*/0x48}, {0x4b, 0x09},
{0xc9, 0x60}, /*{REG_COM16, 0x38},*/
{0x56, 0x40},
{0x34, 0x11}, {REG_COM11, COM11_EXP|COM11_HZAUTO},
{0xa4, 0x82/*Was 0x88*/}, {0x96, 0},
{0x97, 0x30}, {0x98, 0x20},
{0x99, 0x30}, {0x9a, 0x84},
{0x9b, 0x29}, {0x9c, 0x03},
{0x9d, 0x4c}, {0x9e, 0x3f},
{0x78, 0x04},
/* Extra-weird stuff. Some sort of multiplexor register */
{0x79, 0x01}, {0xc8, 0xf0},
{0x79, 0x0f}, {0xc8, 0x00},
{0x79, 0x10}, {0xc8, 0x7e},
{0x79, 0x0a}, {0xc8, 0x80},
{0x79, 0x0b}, {0xc8, 0x01},
{0x79, 0x0c}, {0xc8, 0x0f},
{0x79, 0x0d}, {0xc8, 0x20},
{0x79, 0x09}, {0xc8, 0x80},
{0x79, 0x02}, {0xc8, 0xc0},
{0x79, 0x03}, {0xc8, 0x40},
{0x79, 0x05}, {0xc8, 0x30},
{0x79, 0x26},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static void errorLed(void){
DDRB|=32;//make sure led is output
while(1){//wait for reset
PORTB^=32;// toggle led
_delay_ms(100);
}
}
static void twiStart(void){
TWCR=_BV(TWINT)| _BV(TWSTA)| _BV(TWEN);//send start
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));//wait for start to be transmitted
if((TWSR & 0xF8)!=TW_START)
errorLed();
}
static void twiWriteByte(uint8_t DATA,uint8_t type){
TWDR = DATA;
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN); /* clear interrupt to start transmission */
while (!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT))); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != type)
errorLed();
}
void wrReg(uint8_t reg,uint8_t dat){
//send start condition
twiStart();
twiWriteByte(OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS<<1,TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg,TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(dat,TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWEN)|(1<<TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
}
static uint8_t twiRd(uint8_t nack){
if (nack){
TWCR=_BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_NACK)
errorLed();
}else{
TWCR=_BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWEA);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0) ; /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_ACK)
errorLed();
}
return TWDR;
}
uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg){
uint8_t dat;
twiStart();
twiWriteByte(OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS<<1,TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg,TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWEN)|(1<<TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
twiStart();
twiWriteByte((OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS<<1)|1,TW_MR_SLA_ACK);
dat=twiRd(1);
TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWEN)|(1<<TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
return dat;
}
static void wrSensorRegs8_8(const struct regval_list reglist[]){
const struct regval_list *next = reglist;
for(;;){
uint8_t reg_addr = pgm_read_byte(&next->reg_num);
uint8_t reg_val = pgm_read_byte(&next->value);
if((reg_addr==255)&&(reg_val==255))
break;
wrReg(reg_addr, reg_val);
next++;
}
}
void setColorSpace(enum COLORSPACE color){
switch(color){
case YUV422:
wrSensorRegs8_8(yuv422_ov7670);
break;
case RGB565:
wrSensorRegs8_8(rgb565_ov7670);
{uint8_t temp=rdReg(0x11);
_delay_ms(1);
wrReg(0x11,temp);}//according to the Linux kernel driver rgb565 PCLK needs rewriting
break;
case BAYER_RGB:
wrSensorRegs8_8(bayerRGB_ov7670);
break;
}
}
void setRes(enum RESOLUTION res){
switch(res){
case VGA:
wrReg(REG_COM3,0); // REG_COM3
wrSensorRegs8_8(vga_ov7670);
break;
case QVGA:
wrReg(REG_COM3,4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
wrSensorRegs8_8(qvga_ov7670);
break;
case QQVGA:
wrReg(REG_COM3,4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
wrSensorRegs8_8(qqvga_ov7670);
break;
}
}
void camInit(void){
wrReg(0x12, 0x80);//Reset the camera.
_delay_ms(100);
wrSensorRegs8_8(ov7670_default_regs);
wrReg(REG_COM10,32);//PCLK does not toggle on HBLANK.
}

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ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 15:01

实验八十一：槽型光耦对射光电开关模块（红外计数测速传感器）

槽型光耦
以光为媒介传输电信号。它对输入、输出电信号有良好的隔离作用，所以，它在各种电路中得 1553b耦合器线缆接头到广泛的应用。目前它已成为种类最多、用途最广的光电器件之一。光耦合器一般由三部分组成：光的发射、光的接收及信号放大。输入的电信号驱动发光二极管（LED），使之发出一定波长的光，被光探测器接收而产生光电流，再经过进一步放大后输出。这就完成了电—光—电的转换，从而起到输入、输出、隔离的作用。由于光耦合器输入输出间互相隔离，电信号传输具有单向性等特点，因而具有良好的电绝缘能力和抗干扰能力。又由于光耦合器的输入端属于电流型工作的低阻元件，因而具有很强的共模抑制能力。所以，它在长线传输信息中作为终端隔离元件可以大大提高信噪比。在计算机数字通信及实时控制中作为信号隔离的接口器件，可以大大增加计算机工作的可靠性。槽型光耦作为一种非常常见的电子元件，在电子电路系统设计的过程中，其选型的正确与否是非常重要的。槽型光耦合器也常常被称为直射式光电传感器，其工作原理是通过对红外发射光的阻断和导通，在红外接收管感应出的电流变化来实现开和关的判断。光电耦合器具有体积小、使用寿命长、工作温度范围宽、抗干扰性能强。无触点且输入与输出在电气上完全隔离等特点，因而在各种电子设备上得到广泛的应用。光电耦合器可用于隔离电路、负载接口及各种家用电器等电路中。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 15:18

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 16:06

光耦合器（opTIcalcoupler，英文缩写为OC）
亦称光电隔离器或光电耦合器，简称光耦。它是以光为媒介来传输电信号的器件，通常把发光器（红外线发光二极管LED）与受光器（光敏半导体管）封装在同一管壳内。以光为媒介把输入端信号耦合到输出端的光电耦合器，由于它具有体积小、寿命长、无触点，抗干扰能力强，输出和输入之间绝缘，单向传输信号等优点，在数字电路上获得广泛的应用。

槽型光耦对输入、输出电信号有良好的隔离作用，所以，它在各种电路中得到广泛的应用。目前槽型光耦已成为种类最多、用途最广的光电器件之一。槽型光耦一般由三部分组成：光的发射、光的接收及信号放大。输入的电信号驱动发光二极管（LED），使之发出一定波长的光，被光探测器接收而产生光电流，再经过进一步放大后输出。这就完成了电—光—电的转换，从而起到输入、输出、隔离的作用。由于槽型光耦输入输出间互相隔离，电信号传输具有单向性等特点，因而具有良好的电绝缘能力和抗干扰能力。所以，槽型光耦在长线传输信息中作为终端隔离元件可以大大提高信噪比。在计算机数字通信及实时控制中作为信号隔离的接口器件，可以大大提高计算机工作的可靠性。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 16:24

槽型光耦的特点：
1、检测距离长。与接近开关等比较，光电开关的检测距离非常长，且是无接触式的，所以不会损伤检测物体，也不受检测物体的影响。
2、几乎不受检测物体的制约。由于是采用对检测对象的表面进行反射及光透过方式，不像接近开关只能对金属，还能对玻璃、塑料、木制物体、液体等各种物质进行检测。
3、响应速度快。与接近开关同样，由于无机械运动，所以能对高速运动的物体进行检测。镜头容易受有机尘土等的影响镜头免受污染后，光会散射或被遮光，所以在有活水蒸汽、尘土等较多的环境下使用的场合，需施加适当的保护装置。
4、不受环境强光的影响。几乎不受一般照明光的影响，但像太阳光那样的强光直接照射受光体时，会造成误动作或损坏。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 16:42

光电耦合器原理
当电信号送入光电耦合器的输入端时，发光二极体通过电流而发光，光敏元件受到光照后产生电流，CE导通;当输入端无信号，发光二极体不亮，光敏三极管截止，CE不通。对于数位量，当输入为低电平“0”时，光敏三极管截止，输出为高电平“1”;当输入为高电平“1”时，光敏三极管饱和导通，输出为低电平“ 0”。若基极有引出线则可满足温度补偿、检测调制要求。这种光耦合器性能较好，价格便宜，因而应用广泛。光电耦合器之所以在传输信号的同时能有效地抑制尖脉冲和各种杂讯干扰，使通道上的信号杂讯比大为提高，主要有以下几方面的原因：（1）光电耦合器的输入阻抗很小，只有几百欧姆，而干扰源的阻抗较大，通常为105～106Ω。据分压原理可知，即使干扰电压的幅度较大，但馈送到光电耦合器输入端的杂讯电压会很小，只能形成很微弱的电流，由于没有足够的能量而不能使二极体发光，从而被抑制掉了。（2）光电耦合器的输入回路与输出回路之间没有电气联系，也没有共地；之间的分布电容极小，而绝缘电阻又很大，因此回路一边的各种干扰杂讯都很难通过光电耦合器馈送到另一边去，避免了共阻抗耦合的干扰信号的产生。（3）光电耦合器可起到很好的安全保障作用，即使当外部设备出现故障，甚至输入信号线短接时，也不会损坏仪表。因为光耦合器件的输入回路和输出回路之间可以承受几千伏的高压。（4）光电耦合器的回应速度极快，其回应延迟时间只有10μs左右，适于对回应速度要求很高的场合。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 16:44

槽型光耦对射光电开关模块

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 17:15

模块特色
1、使用进口槽型光耦传感器
2、槽宽度5mm。
3、有输出状态指示灯，输出高电平灯灭，输出低电平灯亮。
4、有遮挡，输出高电平；无遮挡，输出低电平。
5、比较器输出，信号干净，波形好，驱动能力强，超过15mA。
6、工作电压3.3V-5V
7、输出形式：数字开关量输出（0和1）
8、设有固定螺栓孔，方便安装
9、小板PCB尺寸：3.2cm x 1.4cm
10、使用宽电压LM393比较器

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 17:23

模块电原理图

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 18:37

模块4针的定义
VCC 电源正，GND电源负，DO数字量输出，AO无效

模块使用说明：
1.模块槽中无遮挡时，接收管导通，模块DO输出低电平，遮挡时，DO输出高电平；
2.模块DO可与继电器相连，组成限位开关等功能，也可以与有源蜂鸣器模块相连，组成报警器。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 19:02

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（81）
实验八十一：槽型光耦对射光电开关模块（红外计数测速传感器）
测量电机转速Speed ，单位转/分
G接GND、V接5V、S接数字引脚2或者3（使用中断，只能接这两个脚），
接好后，用一个遮挡物放在U型开关之间，模块上的LED点亮，无遮挡
物时，LED不亮；利用这一原理，当信号输出变化一次就计数一次，再
经过一些列的换算就可以得到转速了~~
*/
int U_Pin = 2;
float Val = 0; //设置变量Val，计数
float time; //设置变量time，计时
float Speed; //设置变量Speed，存储转速
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
attachInterrupt(0,count,CHANGE); //引脚电平发生改变时触发
}
void loop(){
time = millis();
Speed = (Val/40)/(time/60000) ;
Serial.println(Speed);
delay(1000);
}
void count(){
Val += 1;
}

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ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 19:04

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 19:49

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 19:53

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（81）
实验八十一：槽型光耦对射光电开关模块（红外计数测速传感器）
程序之二，遮断计数器
VCC 5V
GND GND
OUT D2
*/
int speedPin=2;//定义数字3接口
int cntValue=0;
void setup ()
{
pinMode(speedPin,INPUT);//3号数字口设置为输入状态
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Speed Count\n");
}
void loop()
{
//判断是否被遮挡
if(digitalRead(speedPin)==0)
{cntValue++;//计数增加
Serial.println(cntValue);//串口输出计数值
while(digitalRead(speedPin)==0);//等待遮挡结束
}
}

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ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 19:55

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 20:12

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 20:15

实验八十二： MQ135空气质量检测传感器模块（有害物体氨气硫化物检测)

MQ135
气体传感器所使用的气敏材料是在清洁空气中电导率较低的二氧化锡(SnO2)。当传感器所处环境中存在污染气体时，传感器的电导率随空气中污染气体浓度的增加而增大。使用简单的电路即可将电导率的变化转换为与该气体浓度相对应的输出信号。MQ135气体传感器对氨气、硫化物、苯系蒸汽的灵敏度高，对烟雾和其它有害气体的监测也很理想。这种传感器可检测多种有害气体，是一款适合多种应用的低成本传感器。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 20:45

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 20:54

探头型号 MQ135
产品类型半导体气敏元件
标准封装胶木（黑胶木）
检测气体氨气、硫化物、苯系蒸汽
检测浓度 10-1000ppm(氨气、甲苯、氢气)
标准电路条件
回路电压          Vc ≤24V  DC
加热电压          VH 5.0V±0.2V ACorDC
负载电阻          RL 可调
标准测试条件下气敏元件特性
加热电阻          RH 31Ω±3Ω（室温）
加热功耗          PH ≤900mW
敏感体表面电阻 Rs 2KΩ-20KΩ(in 100ppm NH3)
灵敏度             S Rs(in air)/Rs(100ppmNH3)≥5
浓度斜率             α ≤0.6(R100ppm/R50ppm NH3)
标准测试条件
温度、湿度             20℃±2℃；65%±5%RH
标准测试电路 Vc:5.0V±0.1V；VH: 5.0V±0.1V
预热时间                   不少于48小时

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 20:56

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 21:33

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 21:34

MQ135应用电路

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-4 21:43

MQ135空气质量检测传感器模块

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 06:34

特点

*在较宽的浓度范围内对有害气体有良好的灵敏度

*对氨气、硫化物、苯系等气氛灵敏度较高

*长寿命、低成本

*简单的驱动电路即可

应用

*家庭用空气污染报警器

*工业用空气污染报警器

*便携式空气污染检测器

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 07:18

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 07:26

一、尺寸：32mm X22mm X30mm 长*宽*高
二、主要芯片：LM393、MQ135 气体感应探头
三、工作电压：直流 5V
四、模块特色
1、具有信号输出指示灯指示；
2、双路信号输出（模拟量输出及 TTL 电平输出）；
3、TTL 输出有效信号为低电平；（输出低电平时信号灯亮，可接单片
机 IO 口）
4、模拟量输出随浓度增加而增加，浓度越高电压越高；
5、对硫化物、苯系蒸汽、烟雾等有害气体具有很高的灵敏度；
6、具有长期的使用寿命和可靠的稳定性；
7、快速的响应恢复特性；
8、带安装孔，方便固定安装；
9、探头可以插拔设计，方便试验。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 07:45

模块使用注意事项——必须避免的情况
1.1 暴露于有机硅蒸气中
如果传感器的表面吸附了有机硅蒸气，传感器的敏感材料会被包裹住，抑制传感器的敏感性，并且不可恢复。传感器要避免暴露其在硅粘接剂、发胶、硅橡胶、腻子或其它含硅塑料添加剂可能存在的地方。
1.2 高腐蚀性的环境
传感器暴露在高浓度的腐蚀性气体（如 H2S，SOX，Cl2，HCl 等）中，不仅会引起加热材料及传感器引线的腐蚀或破坏，并会引起敏感材料性能发生不可逆的改变。
1.3 碱、碱金属盐、卤素的污染传感器被碱金属尤其是盐水喷雾污染后，及暴露在卤素如氟中也会引起性能劣变。
1.4 接触到水
溅上水或浸到水中会造成敏感特性下降。
1.5 结冰
水在敏感元件表面结冰会导致敏感材料碎裂而丧失敏感特性。
1.6 施加电压过高
如果给敏感元件或加热器施加的电压高于规定值，即使传感器没有受到物理损坏或破坏，也会造成引线和/或加热器损坏，并引起传感器敏感特性下降。

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 07:49

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 08:00

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 11:06

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 11:10

/*
【Arduino】66种传感器模块系列实验（82）
实验八十二： MQ135空气质量检测传感器模块（有害物体氨气硫化物检测)
程序之一
VCC 5V
GND GND
AO A0
DO D3
*/
const int gasSensor =0;
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop(){
float voltage;
voltage = getVoltage(gasSensor);
Serial.println(voltage);
delay(1000);
}
float getVoltage(int pin){
return (analogRead(pin) * 0.004882814);
//此公式将AnalogLead（）的0值转换为1023值
//返回0.0到5.0的值，即真正的电压
//读取A0数值
}

复制代码

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 11:46

ID:513258 · 发表于 2019-8-5 11:48

打火机丁烷测试，还是非常灵敏的

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