一、本次实验所需器材
1、Arduino板
2、1602液晶板:也叫1602字符型液晶,它是一种专门用来显示字母、数字、符号等的点阵型液晶模块。它由若干个5X7或者5X11等点阵字符位组成,每个点阵字符位都可以显示一个字符,每位之间有一个点距的间隔,每行之间也有间隔,起到了字符间距和行间距的作用,正因为如此所以它不能很好地显示图形。目前,尽管各厂家对其各自产品命名不尽相同,但均提供几乎都同样规格的1602模块或者兼容模块。1602最初采用的LCD控制器是HD44780,在各厂家生产的1602模块中,基本上也都采用了与之兼容的控制IC,所以从特性上基本上是一样的。因此,我们买到的1602模块,在端口标记上可能有所不同,有的从左向右,有的从右向左,但特性上是一样的。本实验中使用的1602板,最里面的孔为1号,最靠近边上的那个为16号。
1602实物图片:
1
1602的规格情况:
显示容量 16*2个字符
芯片工作电压 4.5-5.5V
工作电流 2,0MA(5.0V)
模块最佳工作电压 5.0V
字符尺寸 2.95*4.35(WXH)mm
1602管脚介绍:
第1脚:VSS为电源负极
第2脚:VCC接5V电源正极
第3脚:V0为液晶显示器对比度调整端,接正电源时对比度最弱,接地电源时对比度最高(对比度过高时会产生“鬼影”,使用时可以通过一个10K的电位器调整对比度,本实验使用了一个1KΩ电阻)。
第4脚:RS为寄存器选择,高电平1时选择数据寄存器、低电平0时选择指令寄存器。
第5脚:RW为读写信号线,高电平(1)时进行读操作,低电平(0)时进行写操作。
第6脚:E(或EN)端为使能(enable)端,高电平(1)时读取信息,负跳变时执行指令。
第7~14脚:D0~D7为8位双向数据端。
第15~16脚:背灯电源。15脚背光正极,16脚背光负极。
1602字符集介绍:
1602液晶模块内部的字符发生存储器已经存储了160个不同的点阵字符图形,这些字符有:阿拉伯数字、英文字母的大小写、常用的符号、和日文假名等,每一个字符都有一个固定的代码,比如大写的英文字母“A”的代码是01000001B(41H),显示时模块把地址41H中的点阵字符图形显示出来,我们就能看到字母“A”。
1602的16进制ASCII码表地址可从百度搜索,这里不在列出,只写用法。如:感叹号!的ASCII为0x21,字母B的ASCII为0x42。
1602指令集:
image
3、电阻:1KΩ(1个)
4、杜邦线:若干
5、面包板:一个
二、8位连接法实验
1、硬件连接方式1602-8_bb
2、代码:
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int DI = 12;
int RW = 11;
int DB[] = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};//使用数组来定义总线需要的管脚
int Enable = 2;
void LcdCommandWrite(int value) {
// 定义所有引脚
int i = 0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= DI; i++) //总线赋值
{
digitalWrite(i,value & 01);//因为1602液晶信号识别是D7-D0(不是D0-D7),这里是用来反转信号。
value >>= 1;
}
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(Enable,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1); // 延时1ms
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1); // 延时1ms
}
void LcdDataWrite(int value) {
// 定义所有引脚
int i = 0;
digitalWrite(DI, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RW, LOW);
for (i=DB[0]; i <= DB[7]; i++) {
digitalWrite(i,value & 01);
value >>= 1;
}
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(Enable,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1); // 延时1ms
}
void setup (void) {
int i = 0;
for (i=Enable; i <= DI; i++) {
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
delay(100);
// 短暂的停顿后初始化LCD
// 用于LCD控制需要
LcdCommandWrite(0x38); // 设置为8-bit接口,2行显示,5x7文字大小
delay(64);
LcdCommandWrite(0x38); // 设置为8-bit接口,2行显示,5x7文字大小
delay(50);
LcdCommandWrite(0x38); // 设置为8-bit接口,2行显示,5x7文字大小
delay(20);
LcdCommandWrite(0x06); // 输入方式设定
// 自动增量,没有显示移位
delay(20);
LcdCommandWrite(0x0E); // 显示设置
// 开启显示屏,光标显示,无闪烁
delay(20);
LcdCommandWrite(0x01); // 屏幕清空,光标位置归零
delay(100);
LcdCommandWrite(0x80); // 显示设置
// 开启显示屏,光标显示,无闪烁
delay(20);
}
void loop (void) {
LcdCommandWrite(0x01); // 屏幕清空,光标位置归零
delay(10);
LcdCommandWrite(0x80+3);
delay(10);
// 写入欢迎信息
LcdDataWrite('H');
LcdDataWrite('E');
LcdDataWrite('L');
LcdDataWrite('L');
LcdDataWrite('O');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('W');
LcdDataWrite('O');
LcdDataWrite('R');
LcdDataWrite('L');
LcdDataWrite('D');
delay(10);
LcdCommandWrite(0xc0+2); // 定义光标位置为第二行第二个位置
delay(10);
LcdDataWrite('w');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('k');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('c');
LcdDataWrite('o');
LcdDataWrite('d');
LcdDataWrite('e');
LcdDataWrite('.');
LcdDataWrite('n');
LcdDataWrite('e');
LcdDataWrite('t');
delay(5000);
LcdCommandWrite(0x01); // 屏幕清空,光标位置归零
delay(10);
LcdDataWrite('I');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('a');
LcdDataWrite('m');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('x');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('a');
LcdDataWrite('o');
LcdDataWrite('w');
LcdDataWrite('u');
LcdDataWrite('y');
LcdDataWrite('i');
delay(3000);
LcdCommandWrite(0x02); //设置模式为新文字替换老文字,无新文字的地方显示不变。
delay(10);
LcdCommandWrite(0x80+5); //定义光标位置为第一行第6个位置
delay(10);
LcdDataWrite('t');
LcdDataWrite('h');
LcdDataWrite('e');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('a');
LcdDataWrite('d');
LcdDataWrite('m');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('n');
delay(5000);
}
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3、实验效果
三、四位连接法
4位连接法,可以省出几个数字端口。
1、连接方法
1602-4_bb
2、代码
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int LCD1602_RS=12;
int LCD1602_RW=11;
int LCD1602_EN=10;
int DB[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9};
char str1[]="Welcome to";
char str2[]="wikicode.net";
char str3[]="This is the";
char str4[]="4-bit interface";
void LCD_Command_Write(int command)
{
int i,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=command & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(command & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_Data_Write(int dat)
{
int i=0,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,HIGH);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=dat & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(dat & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_SET_XY( int x, int y )
{
int address;
if (y ==0) address = 0x80 + x;
else address = 0xC0 + x;
LCD_Command_Write(address);
}
void LCD_Write_Char( int x,int y,int dat)
{
LCD_SET_XY( x, y );
LCD_Data_Write(dat);
}
void LCD_Write_String(int X,int Y,char *s)
{
LCD_SET_XY( X, Y ); //设置地址
while (*s) //写字符串
{
LCD_Data_Write(*s);
s ++;
}
}
void setup (void)
{
int i = 0;
for (i=6; i <= 12; i++)
{
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
delay(100);
LCD_Command_Write(0x28);//4线 2行 5x7
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x06);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x0c);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x80);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
}
void loop (void)
{
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(3,0,str1);//第1行,第4个地址起
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(2,1,str2);//第2行,第2个地址起
delay(5000);
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);//
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(0,0,str3);
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(0,1,str4);
delay(5000);
}
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这里仅做了显示字符串的方法,也可以利用LCD_Write_Char这个过程来显示字符,如:LCD_Write_Char(1,0,0x3a)显示“:”,这里不再举例,在下面的时钟的代码中,会有所利用。
3、实现效果
四、利用Arduino+1602实现时钟
1、硬件连接:采用四位连接法。
2、代码
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int LCD1602_RS=12;
int LCD1602_RW=11;
int LCD1602_EN=10;
int DB[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9};
char logtxt[]="Local Time";
char *sec[60]={"00","01","02","03","04","05","06","07","08","09","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","30","31","32","33","34","35","36","37","38","39","40","41","42","43","44","45","46","47","48","49","50","51","52","53","54","55","56","57","58","59"};
void LCD_Command_Write(int command)
{
int i,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=command & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(command & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_Data_Write(int dat)
{
int i=0,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,HIGH);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=dat & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(dat & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_SET_XY( int x, int y )
{
int address;
if (y ==0) address = 0x80 + x;
else address = 0xC0 + x;
LCD_Command_Write(address);
}
void LCD_Write_Char( int x,int y,int dat)
{
LCD_SET_XY( x, y );
LCD_Data_Write(dat);
}
void LCD_Write_String(int X,int Y,char *s)
{
LCD_SET_XY( X, Y ); //设置地址
while (*s) //写字符串
{
LCD_Data_Write(*s);
s ++;
}
}
void setup (void)
{
int i = 0;
for (i=6; i <= 12; i++)
{
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
delay(100);
LCD_Command_Write(0x28);//4线 2行 5x7
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x06);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x0c);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x80);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
}
void loop (void)
{
for(int index=0,minindex=59,hourindex=12;index<60;index++) //这里来设定现在时间,目前设定为12:59:00
{
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(3,0,logtxt);
LCD_Write_String(3,1,sec[hourindex]);
LCD_Write_Char(6,1,0x3a);//显示:
LCD_Write_String(7,1,sec[minindex]);
LCD_Write_Char(10,1,0x3a);
LCD_Write_String(11,1,sec[index]);
delay(950);
if (index==59)
{
index=-1;
minindex++;
if (minindex==60)
{
minindex=0;
hourindex++;
if (hourindex==24)
{
hourindex=0;
}
}
}
}
}
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